明代两淮运学倡设中的盐商地位变迁

发布时间：2018-05-24 19:33

本文选题：明代 + 盐商子弟　；参考：《兰州学刊》2015年04期

【摘要】：明中叶以降,两淮盐商子弟遭遇异地科考困境。为此,两淮山陕籍盐商、徽籍盐商合力多次通过盐场官员奏请创建盐场运学来解决这个问题,虽一再被朝廷否决,但终于万历十三年以山陕籍盐商子弟可凭"商籍"异地科考而获部分解决。未沾优惠的徽籍盐商被迫继续向明朝廷吁请创建运学,但因此举已不符实力强大的山陕籍盐商利益而遭遇掣肘,最终两淮运学即使在得到崇祯皇帝允可情况下仍不免创建未果。明代两淮运学倡设始末反映出两淮盐商在实力和地位上的两方面变化:一是明中叶以降,两淮盐商因整体实力的增强而使其政治地位逐渐得到提升,最终促使明廷出台举措解决其子弟异地科考问题;一是明代淮扬地区的盐商界是由山陕商人为主导的,尽管万历以后徽籍盐商实力大增,呈超越山陕籍盐商之势,但是,即便至明末山陕籍盐商在地位上仍不亚于徽籍盐商。
[Abstract]:In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the children of the Huai Salt Merchants encountered difficulties in different places. For this reason, the salt merchants of Shaanxi nationality in the Lianghuai Mountains and the Hui nationality salt merchants worked together many times to ask the officials of the salt farm to create a saltyard transportation science to solve this problem, although they were repeatedly vetoed by the imperial court. But finally Wanli 13 years with Shan Shan salt merchant children can rely on the "Shang nationality" in other places to obtain part of the solution. The unprivileged salt merchants were forced to continue to appeal to the Ming court for the establishment of a shipping school, but this was not in the interests of the powerful Shanshan-Shaanxi salt merchants, and eventually, even if the Emperor Chongzhen was allowed to do so, it was not possible to establish it. In the Ming Dynasty, the establishment of the Lianghuai transportation science reflected the changes in the strength and status of the salt merchants in the two Huai areas: first, in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the salt merchants of the Huai River had gradually improved their political status because of the enhancement of their overall strength. In the end, the Ming government came up with measures to solve the problem of scientific research in other places for its children. First, the salt business in the Huaiyang area of the Ming Dynasty was dominated by Shanshan businessmen. Although the strength of the salt merchants of Huizhou nationality increased dramatically after Wanli, they showed the trend of surpassing the salt merchants of Shanshan nationality, but, Even at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Shanshan Salt Merchants were still no less important than Huizhou Salt Merchants.
【作者单位】：河南大学历史文化学院;河南师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“清代海疆政策与开发研究”(项目编号:13&ZD093) 河南师范大学青年基金项目“明代两淮盐场社会问题及其应对研究”(项目编号:2013qk29)
【分类号】：F429;K248

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