从文史分野看裴松之《三国志注》
发布时间：2018-08-14 19:20
【摘要】：本文以裴松之《三国志注》具有的浓郁文学色彩为切入点,以裴松之本人对史学与文学的看法和文史分野的发展及相互关系为线索,深入探讨裴松之作《三国志注》的根本原因。对于裴松之《三国志注》,自其产生之日起就有学者对之从不同角度进行解读或阐释,可谓硕果累累,但这些研究主要集中在史学、文献学、语言等几方面,对裴松之为何作注及裴注为何与传统史注有根本的区别则缺乏深入探讨。陈寅恪先生等虽做了一些工作,但有学者也对之提出了质疑,而胡宝国先生另辟蹊径,提出从时代学术风气变化的角度进行探讨,取得了极大成果。但笔者以为对陈寿为何将《三国志》写的如此简练,而裴松之不避繁琐征引如此多的史料来注释《三国志》这一问题,尚可进行深入探讨,本文正是在这一方面做了一些努力,力图从文史分野的发展、时代思想的影响等方面揭示裴松之作注的根本原因,拓宽研究的视野,为史学与文学的交叉研究提供一个新的视角,具有较强的学术价值。陈寿《三国志》完成后,受到了时人的一致称赞,但至刘宋时,宋文帝首先指出《三国志》存在简略的缺点,令裴松之为之作注。裴松之为此补充了大量史料,显示了与传统史注完全不同的特点,并受到了宋文帝的赞誉,可知时人对史学的看法与陈寿时完全不同了。因此首先分析与《三国志》相比,裴注具体在哪里表现了完全不同的地方:注重对历史事件和历史人物进行活化描写,为此对历史场景和历史人物进行生动细致的刻画,并采用了种种文学艺术手法,以突出人物的个体特征,展示历史人物在生活中的真实表现和社会舞台上的独特的风采,将原本扁平的人物变得更加丰满、生动、形象、真实、栩栩如生。从这方面来说,裴松之是以注的形式在书写他对历史的看法。裴松之之所以将注文写的如此博赡,人物特征如此突出,与其史学观有根本关系,他显示了与陈寿的史学观的差异:陈寿是以史学家的身份,按照史学学科的话语权来书写历史,而裴松之作为世家大族的人物之一,深受时代思想的影响,如士人个体意识的觉醒等,使得裴松之看待历史人物与陈寿完全不同,在他眼中,历史也是有血有肉、有眼泪有痛苦、有生命有欢乐的,因此如何活化这段历史,还原它的生动、灵性是极为重要的,由此显示了二人在史学观上的不同。文学与史学在魏晋时期开始脱离经学的束缚而各自走向独立,显示了各自学科的不同特点,陈寿即是按照史学科学的要求来叙述这段历史,力求以平实、质朴的语言,客观地、尽量不带主观色彩地将三国这段动荡而复杂的历史刻画出来;但文学与史学的独立之路是极为曲折的,在这期间,文学与史学又发生了关联,其对史学的影响和辐射远远大于史学对文学的影响,因此受此特点影响,裴松之看待历史的角度也发生了改变,因而在叙述历史的过程中,在注重客观、真实的基础上,有义务、有责任从文学的角度去揭示这些历史人物的本色,揭示他们的个性、内涵,反映他们的风度、气质,这就使二人对历史的描述产生了不同,在他看来,陈寿对三国历史的记载并没有真正地反映其内涵,而这种对内涵的反映往往是通过生活细节来表现的,这恰恰是《三国志》所缺乏的东西,这应该是裴松之认为《三国志》简略的根本原因,也是裴注繁富的根本所在,同时还是裴松之作注的根本原因。
[Abstract]:Based on the strong literary color of Pei Songzhi's Annotations to the Three Kingdoms and the development and interrelationship of Pei Songzhi's views on history and literature, this paper probes into the fundamental causes of Pei Songzhi's Annotations to the Three Kingdoms. Although Mr. Chen Yinke and other scholars have done some work, some scholars have questioned why Pei Songzhi wrote notes and why Pei Notes are fundamentally different from the traditional historical notes. But the author thinks that why Chen Shou wrote the Three Kingdoms so concisely and why Pei Songzhi did not evade so many historical materials to annotate the Three Kingdoms can be further discussed in this paper. Some efforts have been made to reveal the root causes of Pei Songzhi's annotations from the development of literary and historical divisions and the influence of the times, broaden the horizons of research, and provide a new perspective for the cross-study of history and literature, with strong academic value. Pei Songzhi first pointed out the shortcomings of the Three Kingdoms Chronicles, which made it a note. Pei Songzhi added a lot of historical materials, showing the characteristics completely different from the traditional historical notes, and was praised by Emperor Wendi of the Song Dynasty. In order to highlight the individual characteristics of the characters, to show the real performance of the historical figures in life and the unique style on the social stage, various literary and artistic techniques have been adopted. In this respect, Pei Songzhi wrote his view of history in the form of notes. The reason why Pei Songzhi wrote the notes so extensively and the characters so prominent is fundamentally related to his view of history. He shows the difference between Chen Shou and his view of history. Difference: Chen Shou wrote history as a historian in accordance with the right of discourse in the discipline of history, and Pei Songzhi, as one of the great families of the family, was deeply influenced by the ideas of the times, such as the awakening of the individual consciousness of scholars, which made Pei Songzhi treat historical figures totally different from Chen Shou. In his eyes, history is flesh and blood, and tears are painful. So how to activate this period of history, restore its vividness and spirituality is very important, which shows the difference between the two in the view of history. Literature and history in the Wei and Jin Dynasties began to break away from the bondage of Confucian classics and become independent, showing the different characteristics of their respective disciplines, Chen Shou is in accordance with the importance of historical science. In order to narrate the history of the Three Kingdoms in a plain and simple way, and objectively depict the turbulent and complicated history of the Three Kingdoms as far as possible without subjective color, the independent road of literature and historiography is extremely tortuous. During this period, literature and historiography are related again, and their influence and radiation on historiography is far greater than that of historiography on literature. Influenced by this characteristic, Pei Songzhi's view of history has also changed. Therefore, in the process of narrating history, he has the duty and responsibility to reveal the true nature of these historical figures from a literary point of view, reveal their personality, connotation, reflect their demeanor and temperament on the basis of objectivity and truthfulness. In his opinion, Chen Shou's records of the history of the Three Kingdoms do not really reflect their connotation, and this kind of reflection of the connotation is often expressed through the details of life, which is precisely what the Three Kingdoms lacks. This should be the basic reason why Pei Songzhi thinks that the Three Kingdoms is brief, and it is also Pei's annotation. The root of prosperity is also the fundamental reason for Pei Songzhi's annotation.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K236
，
本文编号：2183871
[Abstract]:Based on the strong literary color of Pei Songzhi's Annotations to the Three Kingdoms and the development and interrelationship of Pei Songzhi's views on history and literature, this paper probes into the fundamental causes of Pei Songzhi's Annotations to the Three Kingdoms. Although Mr. Chen Yinke and other scholars have done some work, some scholars have questioned why Pei Songzhi wrote notes and why Pei Notes are fundamentally different from the traditional historical notes. But the author thinks that why Chen Shou wrote the Three Kingdoms so concisely and why Pei Songzhi did not evade so many historical materials to annotate the Three Kingdoms can be further discussed in this paper. Some efforts have been made to reveal the root causes of Pei Songzhi's annotations from the development of literary and historical divisions and the influence of the times, broaden the horizons of research, and provide a new perspective for the cross-study of history and literature, with strong academic value. Pei Songzhi first pointed out the shortcomings of the Three Kingdoms Chronicles, which made it a note. Pei Songzhi added a lot of historical materials, showing the characteristics completely different from the traditional historical notes, and was praised by Emperor Wendi of the Song Dynasty. In order to highlight the individual characteristics of the characters, to show the real performance of the historical figures in life and the unique style on the social stage, various literary and artistic techniques have been adopted. In this respect, Pei Songzhi wrote his view of history in the form of notes. The reason why Pei Songzhi wrote the notes so extensively and the characters so prominent is fundamentally related to his view of history. He shows the difference between Chen Shou and his view of history. Difference: Chen Shou wrote history as a historian in accordance with the right of discourse in the discipline of history, and Pei Songzhi, as one of the great families of the family, was deeply influenced by the ideas of the times, such as the awakening of the individual consciousness of scholars, which made Pei Songzhi treat historical figures totally different from Chen Shou. In his eyes, history is flesh and blood, and tears are painful. So how to activate this period of history, restore its vividness and spirituality is very important, which shows the difference between the two in the view of history. Literature and history in the Wei and Jin Dynasties began to break away from the bondage of Confucian classics and become independent, showing the different characteristics of their respective disciplines, Chen Shou is in accordance with the importance of historical science. In order to narrate the history of the Three Kingdoms in a plain and simple way, and objectively depict the turbulent and complicated history of the Three Kingdoms as far as possible without subjective color, the independent road of literature and historiography is extremely tortuous. During this period, literature and historiography are related again, and their influence and radiation on historiography is far greater than that of historiography on literature. Influenced by this characteristic, Pei Songzhi's view of history has also changed. Therefore, in the process of narrating history, he has the duty and responsibility to reveal the true nature of these historical figures from a literary point of view, reveal their personality, connotation, reflect their demeanor and temperament on the basis of objectivity and truthfulness. In his opinion, Chen Shou's records of the history of the Three Kingdoms do not really reflect their connotation, and this kind of reflection of the connotation is often expressed through the details of life, which is precisely what the Three Kingdoms lacks. This should be the basic reason why Pei Songzhi thinks that the Three Kingdoms is brief, and it is also Pei's annotation. The root of prosperity is also the fundamental reason for Pei Songzhi's annotation.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K236
，
本文编号：2183871
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