元代手工业研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 16:05

【摘要】：本论文正文共分三章。第一章官府手工业。本章论述了官府手工业的整体情况，包括官府手工业的三种类型、官府手工业的管理以及官府局院劳动者——系官匠户身份地位三节内容。其中第一节划分了官府手工业的类型。元代中央政府与地方政府经营着规模庞大的手工业，按类型划分可分为中央政府在大都经营的手工业、中央政府在地方经营的手工业、地方政府经营的手工业三类。这三种类型的手工业，因各自的侧重点不同，所以它们在经营的内容与各自的职能上有很大差别。第二节论述了官府手工业的内部管理情况。元政府为了保障官手工业生产的顺利进行，实施了一系列的管理举措，首先设立了工部、内府、武备寺等管理机构，对手工业进行管理；其次制定了一套包括对劳动人手以及生产各环节管理的措施。第三节探讨了系官匠户的身份地位。元代，在官府局院劳动的主要是系官匠户，位列匠籍。虽然他们与其他人户一样，是国家的编户齐民，享有与其他人户一样的法律地位，但在应役的具体环节上，他们不同于一般的劳动者。第二章民间手工业。第一节对民间手工业的类型作了划分，元代民间手工业就其本身的专门性以及从业者的身份讲，可细分为家庭手工业与私营手工业两种类型。前者多为家内副业，是农业的附属；后者则不同，它的生产以盈利为目的，生产的商品化程度较高，其生产者往往是具备专门技能的手工业劳动者。第二节讨论民间手工业的商品化问题。民间手工业与商品经济有着千丝万缕的关系，突出表现在，由于分工程度的不同，民间手工业的商品化生产出现了高、中、低三个不同的发展形态。另外，随着手工业地区分工的发展，元代某些日用手工业品，还实现了跨区域的商品流通。第三节论述了元政府的手工业、矿业政策。元政府的纺织业政策主要包括两个方面，一是针对家庭纺织业，，制定了奖励农桑、提倡小农发展丝、麻、棉多种纺织业的措施；二针对民间私营手工业，制定了一系列具体规定，内容涉及对织造式样、规格、质量的详细要求。元政府的矿业政策则突出表现在：鼓励开发边疆地区矿产以及在更大范围内允许私人采炼、交纳矿课的举措上。第三章寺观手工业与投下主贵族手工业。第一节初步探讨了元代寺观手工业的大体生产状况。寺观经营的手工业，就其类型讲，属寺观内部成员集体所有制性质，较为特殊。经营的内容，大部分是与日常生活需要密切相关的，诸如粮食加工业、榨油业、制茶业、药品加工业等等；此外，由于元代寺观经济力量强大，一些重要的、资金投入大的行业，如矿冶业、酿酒业等，寺观也多有经营，这是元代寺观手工业经济的一个突出特色。第二节介绍了元代颇具特色的政治群体——投下主贵族手工业经营的情况。元代投下主贵族经营的手工业规模大、范围广，其中有些行业，如军器制造业是官府特许经营的。另外，在它内部不但有专门的手工业机构(比照官府机构设立)，还有隶属自己的工匠——怯怜口，因此就它的性质讲，具有公私两重性，也是较为特殊的手工业类型。
[Abstract]:The main body of this paper is divided into three chapters. Chapter one discusses the overall situation of the government handicraft industry, including the three types of the government handicraft industry, the management of the government handicraft industry and the status of the workers in the Government Bureau and the craftsmen in the department. The first section divides the types of the government handicraft industry. The handicraft industry operated by the central government can be divided into three types: the handicraft industry operated by the central government in the metropolitan area, the handicraft industry operated by the central government in the local area and the handicraft industry operated by the local government. The second section discusses the internal management of the government handicraft industry. In order to ensure the smooth progress of the government handicraft industry, the Yuan government implemented a series of management measures. First of all, the Ministry of Industry, the Inner Government, the Wubei Temple and other administrative agencies were set up to manage the rival industries. Secondly, a set of management including the labor force and production of each. The third section discusses the status of the bureaucrats and craftsmen. In the Yuan Dynasty, they worked mainly as bureaucrats and craftsmen, ranking as craftsmen. A person.
The first section divides the types of folk handicraft industry into two types: the family handicraft industry and the private handicraft industry. The second section discusses the commercialization of the folk handicraft industry. The folk handicraft industry and the commodity economy have inextricably linked, highlighted in that, due to the different degree of division of labor, the commercialization of the folk handicraft industry appeared high, medium and low. In addition, with the development of regional division of labor in handicraft industry, some daily-use handicraft products in Yuan Dynasty also achieved cross-regional commodity circulation. Section 3 discusses the handicraft industry and mining policy of the Yuan government. The textile industry policy of the Yuan government mainly includes two aspects. First, it formulates a reward for agriculture and mulberry industry and advocates it. The measures taken by small farmers to develop various textile industries such as silk, linen and cotton, and the detailed requirements for weaving patterns, specifications and quality have been formulated for private handicraft industries. On the move.
The first section discusses the general production situation of the handicraft industry in the Yuan Dynasty. In addition, because of the strong economic power of the Temple View in Yuan Dynasty, some important industries, such as mining, smelting, brewing and so on, with large capital investment, the temple view also has many operations, which is a prominent feature of the Temple View handicraft industry economy in Yuan Dynasty. The handicraft industry operated by the Lord aristocrats in the Yuan Dynasty was large in scale and wide in scope. Some of these industries, such as the military industry, were franchised by the government. It is also a special type of handicraft industry.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K247

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