以文致太平——略论秦汉之际的政治走向和文化选择

发布时间：2018-09-08 07:49

【摘要】：政治大统一是中国历史的第一前提,秦始皇统一天下,创造了人民生存发展的平台,但是,他在治国价值理念上却选择了法家思想,导致了剧烈的文化冲突。汉初选择黄老思想,提倡清静无为,促使社会度过了大乱之后百废待兴的短暂的特殊时期。当这个大一统的国家过渡到正常状态时,必然要寻找新的立国之魂,确立远大的治国指导思想,汉武帝担当了这个历史转型的艰巨任务。董仲舒的天人三策主张"大一统"和"尊六经",与汉武帝达成高度共鸣,确立儒家经学为国家的最高意识形态。汉武帝"置五经博士"对经学走上中国政治舞台开了先例。汉武帝的政策核心是"举贤良、明教化"和"尊儒",但是他也"尚法",所以,汉武帝时期的政治还算不上是"王道"政治,而被定位为"霸王道杂之",但历史已经向前推进了一大步。纵观秦汉之际,"秦皇"解决了"以武定天下"的问题,而"汉武"则解决了"以文致太平"的问题,后来中国历代的朝野都基本认同这个"文治武功""文韬武略"的大逻辑,成为高度的共识,产生了深远的影响。
[Abstract]:Political unification is the first prerequisite in Chinese history. Qin Shihuang unified the world and created a platform for the people to survive and develop. However, he chose the Legalist thought on the concept of governing the country, which led to violent cultural conflicts. In the early Han Dynasty, Huang Lao thought was chosen to advocate quiet and inaction, which prompted the society to pass the short special period after the chaos. When this unified country transitioned to a normal state, it was inevitable to look for a new soul of nation-building and to establish a broad guiding ideology of governing the country. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was responsible for the arduous task of the historical transformation. Dong Zhongshu's "three policies of Heaven and Man" advocated "unification" and "respecting the six Classics", which reached a high resonance with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and established Confucian classics as the highest ideology of the country. Emperor Wu-Di of the Han Dynasty set a precedent for the study of Confucian classics on the Chinese political stage. The core of the policy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was "to promote virtue, to teach in the Ming Dynasty" and "to respect Confucianism", but he also "respected the law". Therefore, the politics of the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was not a politics of the "king's way". But history has advanced a big step forward. Throughout the Qin and Han dynasties, "Qin Huang" solved the problem of "ruling the world with Wu", while "Han Wu" solved the problem of "bringing peace to peace with literature". A high degree of consensus has had a profound impact.
【作者单位】：北京大学哲学系;
【分类号】：D691;K232

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