试论明中期的海外走私贸易

发布时间：2018-12-08 13:35

【摘要】： 明宣德以后,我国东南沿海一带出现了走私贸易,其贯穿于整个明中期,并随着时间的推移逐渐发展起来,在明嘉靖时期,成为了对外贸易的主要形式。这是在特殊的历史时期出现的特殊现象,它是明朝社会经济发展与国家海禁政策相冲突的产物。这一历史现象的出现对明朝社会以及封建社会后期产生了重大影响。本文以明、清人所著史书、笔记、文集等史料为基础,并参照前人研究的相关论著,对明中期走私贸易出现的历史背景、走私概况及产生的影响进行分析,并做出客观的评价。全文共分三个部分：第一部分,论述明中期海外走私贸易兴起的历史背景与原因。宋元时期,海外贸易获得空前的发展,这就要求其后继王朝延续这一历史趋势。同时,明代社会经济的继续发展为海外贸易提供了物质基础,造船技术的进步也为其提供了必要的条件。然而,明朝统治者却逆历史的潮流而动,实行海禁政策,严禁私人海外贸易,私人海外贸易只能以走私的形式出现了。第二部分,论述明中期海外走私贸易的概况。文章先将整个明中期分成正统至天顺、成化至正德、嘉靖朝三个阶段进行论述,以大量的史料为基础分析不同阶段的概况所呈现出的走私贸易逐渐发展的趋势。并集中论述走私贸易在整个明中期表现出的特点。第三部分,论述明中期海外走私贸易的影响。明中期海外走私贸易是海禁政策的直接后果,因此它具有反海禁、要求发展海外贸易的性质,所以它在很大程度上促进了中国商品经济的发展。同时,还迫使明统治者开放海禁,也促使了社会观念的转变。当然它也带来了消极影响：一方面,私商勾引倭寇引发倭乱,破坏了社会生产；另一方面,它也助长了贿赂腐化等不良的社会风气。
[Abstract]:After Ming Xuande smuggling trade appeared along the southeast coast of China which ran through the middle of Ming Dynasty and developed gradually with the passage of time. It became the main form of foreign trade in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. This is a special phenomenon in a special historical period. It is the result of the conflict between the social and economic development of the Ming Dynasty and the national sea ban policy. The emergence of this historical phenomenon had a great impact on the Ming society and the later feudal society. Based on the historical materials, such as historical books, notes and collections written by Ming and Qing dynasties, and referring to the related works of previous studies, this paper analyzes the historical background, general situation and influence of smuggling in the middle of Ming Dynasty, and makes an objective evaluation. The thesis is divided into three parts: the first part discusses the historical background and reasons of the rise of overseas smuggling trade in the middle Ming Dynasty. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, overseas trade achieved unprecedented development, which required its successive dynasties to continue this historical trend. At the same time, the continued development of social economy in Ming Dynasty provided the material basis for overseas trade, and the progress of shipbuilding technology provided necessary conditions for it. However, the rulers of the Ming Dynasty went against the trend of history, implemented the policy of banning the sea, and prohibited private overseas trade, which could only appear in the form of smuggling. The second part discusses the general situation of overseas smuggling trade in the middle of Ming Dynasty. The article divides the whole middle Ming Dynasty into three stages: orthodoxy to Tianshun, Chenghua to Zhengde, Jiajing Dynasty. Based on a large amount of historical data, the paper analyzes the trend of smuggling trade gradually developed in different stages. It also focuses on the characteristics of smuggling trade in the middle of Ming Dynasty. The third part discusses the influence of overseas smuggling trade in the middle of Ming Dynasty. The overseas smuggling trade is the direct consequence of the sea ban policy in the middle of Ming Dynasty, so it has the nature of anti-sea ban and requires the development of overseas trade, so it promotes the development of China's commodity economy to a great extent. At the same time, it also forced the Ming rulers to open the sea ban, which also promoted the transformation of social concepts. Of course, it also has a negative impact: on the one hand, private businessmen seduce Japanese aggressors to cause chaos and destroy social production; on the other hand, it also promotes the bad social atmosphere such as bribery and corruption.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：F752.9;K248

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