表彰抑或利用:唐代德政碑刻立的政治意图

发布时间：2018-12-17 06:47

【摘要】：唐代德政碑的刻立,里面夹杂着各种复杂动机。对于申奏刻碑的百姓而言,他们有的是发自内心为良吏奏立德政碑,有的则是受地方官员驱使。由于朝廷重视基层百姓对地方官的评价,因此,耆老、百姓等记录官员治绩的"状",以及耆老对地方官的评价也就成为申奏刻碑的重要依据,这成为他们被地方官利用的价值所在。对属下官吏而言,他们为州刺史、县令或藩镇主帅立碑,带有巴结逢迎的目的,因为地方长官手中握有辟署权、荐举权等,双方之间有着一定的利益关系;有的属下官员则借助德政碑来表达对碑主的知遇之恩;此外,在为长官申奏刻立德政碑的同时,碑阴题名也能间接为他们自身带来政治声誉。对碑主而言,德政碑可以为他们带来良好的政治声誉,从而为考课带来好处。中晚唐时期的节度使还可以借朝廷的德政碑,获取权力的合法性来源。对唐朝天子而言,刻立德政碑,可以为天下官员树立良吏典范,从而达到巩固政权、维护秩序的目的;当中央势弱之时,天子又借助德政碑来笼络强藩。可见,唐代德政碑刻立的背后,隐藏着复杂的政治动机,而不仅仅是出于表彰美政或善政这样简单的理由。
[Abstract]:In the Tang Dynasty, the inscription of the Monument of Virtue was mixed with a variety of complicated motives. For the people who engrave the inscription, some of them are from the heart to set up the monument for the good officials, and some are driven by the local officials. Because the court attached great importance to the evaluation of local officials by the grassroots people, the "state" of the officials' achievements recorded by the aged and the common people, as well as their evaluation of the local officials, became the important basis for the inscription of the tablet. This became the value of their exploitation by local officials. For the officials under them, they set up steles for the history of state thorns, county orders or town managers, with the purpose of flattering, because the local governors have the power to set up offices in their hands, the right to recommend them, and so on, and there is a certain interest relationship between the two sides; Some officials use the monument to express their gratitude to the owners. In addition, while setting up the inscription for the governor, the inscription of the inscription can also indirectly bring their own political reputation. For the tablet owners, it can bring them a good political reputation and thus bring benefits to the examination class. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the legitimacy of power can be obtained by virtue of the monumental monument of the court. For the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, the inscription of a monument of virtue and administration can set a good example for officials in the world, thus achieving the purpose of consolidating political power and maintaining order; when the power of the central government is weak, the emperor uses the monument of virtue to win over the strong and vassal. It can be seen that behind the inscriptions of the Tang Dynasty, there are complicated political motives, not just simple reasons of commending American government or good governance.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院历史研究所;
【分类号】：K242

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