汉代河西地区商贸问题

发布时间：2018-12-17 09:38

【摘要】： 西汉时期是与唐并称的我国数千年历史长河中最为璀璨光辉的时代,这一时期,对外政策是积极进取的,是扩张型的,而汉朝政府与今西北地区少数民族政权的联系是非常紧密的,开创了汉族地区和西北少数民族地区交流融合的第一个高潮时期。为了保证国家安全,防止匈奴入侵,加强对河西的控制,促进内地与西域的交流,拓展统治阶层的眼界,增进汉族与少数民族的融合,自武帝起,汉政府便在河西地区建立了酒泉、张掖、敦煌、武威四郡,并以经济上的各种优惠措施鼓励平民“移民实边”,同时派遣军队在河西地区进行屯戍。这些屯戍吏卒的口粮及衣物等生活用品由国家供给,这两种措施相结合便帮助汉朝政府对河西地区进行有效的管理。在政府的运作下,河西四郡的常住人口达到了数十万,他们成为河西地区商贸发展的基础性力量,他们的需要,促使了河西地区内部商贸发展的相对活跃,这些广泛存在于河西地区内部的商贸行为在维持汉政府对河西地区的有效控制以及河西地区社会稳定发展,保障屯戍机制的有序运转起到了重要支持和推动作用。另一方面,汉朝在对外的交往中,更主要的是一种宗主国与附属之间的不平等的朝贡关系,在这种体系中,周边诸国通过以数量较少的贡品在政治上向汉朝表示臣服,而汉朝则通过回赠大量的礼物以示肯定,经过这样的一种“交换”来保证双方的安定平。这样一种交换,汉朝非但不能从经济上获得利益,反而要背上沉重的负担,从纯经济的角度而言是不划算的,并不是一种纯商业意义上的交换,就此而言,在汉朝的对外交往中,纯粹的商业贸易不能说没有,至少相对于朝贡往来而言是比较少见的。
[Abstract]:The period of the Western Han Dynasty was the most brilliant one in the long history of thousands of years, and the foreign policy was aggressive and expansionary. The relationship between Han government and minority regime in Northwest China was very close, which opened the first period of communication and integration between Han nationality region and northwest minority area. In order to ensure national security, prevent the Xiongnu invading, strengthen the control over Hexi, promote the exchange between the interior and the western regions, expand the horizon of the ruling class, and promote the integration of the Han nationality and the ethnic minorities, since Emperor Wu, The Han government established Jiuquan, Zhangye, Dunhuang and Wuwei counties in Hexi, and encouraged the civilian population to "emigrate to the border" with various preferential economic measures, while sending troops to garrison the Hexi area. The food rations and clothing of these garrison soldiers were supplied by the state. The combination of these two measures helped the Han government to manage the Hexi area effectively. Under the operation of the government, the resident population of the four counties in Hexi has reached several hundred thousand. They have become the basic force for the development of commerce and trade in Hexi. Their needs have promoted the relatively active development of commerce and commerce within Hexi. These commercial behaviors, which widely exist in Hexi region, have played an important role in maintaining the effective control of Hexi region by the Han government and the stable development of the society in Hexi region, and in ensuring the orderly operation of the garrison mechanism. On the other hand, in the external contacts of the Han Dynasty, it was more important that there was an unequal tribute relationship between the sovereign state and its subordinates. In this system, the neighboring countries expressed their political obedience to the Han Dynasty through a relatively small number of tributes. The Han Dynasty gave back a large number of gifts as a token of affirmation, through such a "exchange" to ensure the stability of both sides. Not only could the Han Dynasty not only benefit from the economy, but also carry a heavy burden. From a purely economic point of view, such an exchange was not a purely commercial exchange. In the foreign exchanges of the Han Dynasty, pure commercial trade can not be said to be absent, at least relative to tributary exchanges is relatively rare.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K234

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