自由的本态与制度性保障—密尔《论自由》《代议制政府》之文本解读

发布时间：2018-01-11 09:35

本文关键词：自由的本态与制度性保障—密尔《论自由》《代议制政府》之文本解读　出处：《扬州大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自由作为人类社会的永恒话题,是人类理性的普遍追求和精神向往,而自由主义更是贯穿西方政治哲学思想史的一条主线,始终成为当代人类反复探踱的主导性课题。作为十九世纪最著名的自由主义政治思想家,约翰·密尔在西方自由主义思想史上一直占据着重要地位。他一方面继承了古典自由主义的基本立场,将维护和实现个人自由作为其自由主义思想的核心意涵,另一方面,他又继承与修正了边沁的功利主义思想,并从功利主义出发考察自由的本态。这些理论使得密尔的自由主义思想成为古典自由主义向新自由主义过渡的桥梁。作为自由主义发展历史上的关键性转折点,密尔的自由主义思想具有重要的理论价值和现实意义,值得一察。当然,由于其固有的阶级局限和时代印记,个中的瑕疵亦醒目昭然,更值得商榷。全文主要分为六个部分：第一部分：重点梳理密尔自由主义思想的时代背景以及思想渊源。19世纪英国经济的飞速发展要求进一步扩大自由的范围,同时工人阶级的壮大使得人民要求实现普选权。密尔在继承和修正边沁功利主义思想的基础上,吸取了洛克自由主义思想的合理成分,并加以整合成型。第二部分：着重介绍密尔自由主义思想的基础——功利主义。密尔通过对边沁功利主义的继承修正,使得自由和功利的关系更加紧密,提倡保障个人自由,实现社会进步。第三部分：系本文的重点,主要审视密尔自由主义思想的主旨内容,立足于密尔的《论自由》一书的详尽解读,着重阐述了思想自由和言论自由是自由问题的绝对领域,是自由理论的内核；接着讨论了密尔的人性自由观和有关“社会权威”的具体内容。第四部分：详尽讨论的是密尔有关自由的制度性保障问题,即以《代议制政府》为研读对象,集中探讨了密尔自由思想中有关“代议制政府”的多维主张。在他看来,代议制政府是最能保障个人自由、促进个人进步的政府类型。第五部分：当属本文的又一主旨。将密尔的自由观与马克思的自由观进行比较。在扼要阐述马克思的自由观的基础上,侧重于从自由的立场和自由的核心两个方面加以分析对比,找出两者的理论异质性所在。第六部分,简要评骘了密尔自由主义政治思想的当代价值。在着重分析密尔的自由思想的理论意义和对我国政治文明建设的启示的同时,也指出了其理论中实存的诸多先天不足之处。
[Abstract]:Freedom is the eternal topic of human society, is the common pursuit of human beings and spiritual yearning, and liberalism is the clue of Western political philosophy of history, has become the leading topic of contemporary human exploration. As of nineteenth Century he repeated liberalism's most famous political thinkers, John Mil has been playing an important role in the west history of liberalism. He inherited the basic position of the classical liberalism, to safeguard and realize individual freedom as the core meaning of the liberalism, on the other hand, he has inherited and revised Bentham's utilitarianism and the freedom of the state from the perspective of utilitarianism. These theories make mill bridge the idea of Liberalism as classical liberalism, the transition to the new liberalism. As a key turning point in the history of the development of liberalism, mil Has an important theoretical value and practical significance of the liberalism, worth a look. Of course, because of its inherent limitation and the mark of the times, the defects are also eye-catching, more worthy of discussion. This paper is divided into six parts: the first part: focus on the development of ideas from the mill and the background of the times the thought origin of.19 century British economy required to further expand the scope of freedom at the same time, the working class people grow more requirements to achieve universal suffrage. He based on Inheritance and revision of Bentham's Utilitarianism on absorbing reasonable elements of Rock's liberalism, and integrate forming. The second part focuses on basic freedom - utilitarianism mill ideology. Through the inheritance of Bentham mill utilitarianism correction, makes the relationship between freedom and utility more closely, promote the protection of the individual Freedom, to achieve social progress. The third part focuses on the system, the main content mainly examines the liberalism thought, based on the detailed interpretation of the mill "on freedom" a book that focuses on the freedom of thought and expression is absolutely free of freedom, is the kernel of the theory; then it discusses the freedom of humanity the concept and the specific content of the "social authority". The fourth part: detailed discussion is the institutional guarantee problem related to mill free, "representative government > focuses on the study object, multidimensional claims regarding the" representative government "of the mill's liberalism. In his view, is the most representative government the protection of personal freedom, promote government type personal improvement. The fifth part: the theme of this paper. It is the mill's concept of freedom and the freedom of Marx Ma are illustrated in this paper were compared. Kyth's concept of freedom on the basis of the focus from two aspects of freedom and freedom of the core position of comparative analysis, find out the theory of heterogeneity between the sixth part briefly comment on the contemporary value of the liberalism political philosophy. In the theoretical significance of free thought and focuses on the analysis of mill's Construction of our country's politics the Enlightenment of civilization at the same time, also pointed out the existence of the theory in many congenitally deficient.

【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D091

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