18世纪法国空想社会主义思想的休闲学探析

发布时间：2018-01-11 15:21

本文关键词：18世纪法国空想社会主义思想的休闲学探析　出处：《山东大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：空想社会主义思想,本质上来说是对人的道德精神状态、人的生活目的、人的存在方式的探讨,在18世纪法国空想家的眼里,批判现实、创造未来的根本目的,是实现人的解放,使每一个人摆脱制度、阶级下的不平等,摆脱道德堕落、精神萎靡的人性状态,实现积极乐观的生活,找到人生的根本意义,这与休闲学的核心具有相通之处。因此,从休闲学视角重新梳理18世纪法国空想社会主义思想,可以更好地挖掘其中被忽略的价值,也可以更好的认识科学社会主义思想中的休闲价值,还可以对解决当代社会人性危机,帮助人们展开真正的休闲生活,构建全民休闲社会提供价值和启示。从休闲学的视角来看,18世纪法国空想家对现存社会的批判,实质上是对有闲阶级的批判；他们所构想的未来社会,实质上是一个全民休闲社会。空想家们用大量的语言文字对休闲权利不平等的现象与有闲阶级奢靡浪费的休闲进行了描述与批判,表达了自己强烈的不满与愤怒,在此基础上,指出私有制是产生有闲阶级和劳动阶级对立分化的根本原因,并揭示了以私有制为基础的政治制度的虚伪性,指出私有制基础上的封建专制制度和资产阶级政治制度是维护统治者特权、剥削人民的工具,是有闲阶级享有休闲特权的保障。他们的批判虽然没有触及到核心问题,但它为促进工人阶级觉醒,研究社会发展规律都提供了珍贵的材料。18世纪法国空想家对未来社会进行了设想,希望建造一个每个人都幸福的社会,在这个社会中人们都以公共福利为出发点,自主自由的劳动,人人平等,共享休闲,互帮互助,乐于行善,这是一个全面发展的、人本的、文化的、和谐的、道德的、幸福的社会,包含了丰富的、有时代特点的休闲特征。尽管他们没有认识到休闲规律和人类社会发展规律,不清楚实现全面休闲社会的核心在于自由时间,没有认识到进行社会变革的途径和力量,所提出的设想具有很多局限性,显得空想味十足,但这些想法为马克思、恩格斯创立科学社会主义休闲思想提供了借鉴材料。18世纪法国空想社会主义思想闪现着独特的人性光辉,他们关注劳苦大众,呼吁人人平等,注重法律、制度建设,重视劳动和人的发展,向往和谐友善环境的想法,都对当代中国社会休闲化进程的推进有重要启示。当前中国社会休闲化进程取得了巨大成就,但社会对休闲的理解还存在很多误区,公民的休闲权利仍然没有实现公平落实,休闲生活没有完全展开,希望今后在推动休闲发展中注重人的全面发展、推进休闲权利公平实现、推广积极健康的休闲方式。
[Abstract]:In 18th century, the thought of utopian socialism, in the eyes of the French dreamers, criticizes the reality of the moral and spiritual state, the purpose of human life and the way of existence of human beings. The fundamental purpose of creating the future is to realize the liberation of human beings, to make everyone get rid of the system, the inequality under the class, the moral depravity, the depressed spirit of human nature, and to realize the positive and optimistic life. To find the fundamental meaning of life, which has something in common with the core of leisure science. Therefore, from the perspective of leisure science to rearrange the French utopian socialist thought in 18th century, we can better excavate the neglected value. Can also better understand the value of leisure in the scientific socialist thought, but also to solve the crisis of human nature in contemporary society, to help people develop a real leisure life. From the perspective of leisure science, the 18th century French utopian critique of the existing society is essentially a criticism of the leisure class; Their vision of the future society is essentially a national leisure society. Visionaries describe and criticize the phenomenon of inequality of leisure rights and the extravagant and wasteful leisure of the idle class with a large number of words and languages. On this basis, the author points out that private ownership is the fundamental cause of the division between the idle class and the working class, and reveals the hypocrisy of the political system based on private ownership. It is pointed out that the feudal autocratic system and bourgeois political system based on private ownership are the tools to safeguard the privileges of rulers and exploit the people. Their criticism does not touch on the core issues, but it promotes the awakening of the working class. The study of the laws of social development has provided valuable materials. 18th century French dreamers conceived the future of society, hoping to build a happy society for everyone. In this society, people take public welfare as the starting point, independent and free labor, everyone is equal, sharing leisure, helping each other, willing to do good, this is an all-round development, people-oriented, cultural, harmonious. A moral, happy society contains rich, contemporary characteristics of leisure, although they do not recognize the laws of leisure and the development of human society. It is not clear that the core of realizing a comprehensive leisure society is free time, do not recognize the way and power of social change, the proposed ideas have many limitations, appear to be full of fantasy. But these ideas provided reference materials for Marx and Engels to create the scientific socialism leisure thought. The 18th century French utopian socialism thought flashed with the unique humanity brilliance, they paid close attention to the laboring masses. Call on everyone to be equal, pay attention to law, system construction, pay attention to labor and human development, yearn for the idea of harmonious and friendly environment. Both of them have important implications for the process of leisure in contemporary China. Great achievements have been made in the process of social leisure in China at present, but there are still many misunderstandings in the understanding of leisure in the society. Citizens' leisure rights have not been implemented fairly and leisure life has not been fully developed. We hope that in the future we will pay attention to the overall development of people and promote the fair realization of leisure rights. Promote positive and healthy leisure.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D091.6

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