弥尔顿共和主义思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 22:36

本文关键词：弥尔顿共和主义思想研究　出处：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：英国文明一向以保守著称。在英国近代历史上,国内较少发生流血冲突或暴力变革。然而17世纪确是个例外,是素来保守的英国历史上少有的激烈动荡的年代。他们发动内战,处死国王,各种利益群体纷纷站出来表达自己的政治诉求。作为具有战斗精神的政治思想家,约翰·弥尔顿的共和思想在时代的大背景下应运而生。作为诛杀暴君和共和国的辩护者,弥尔顿与国内外各种反动势力展开激烈论战,创作了一系列政论文和小册子,积极为共和国摇旗呐喊。弥尔顿的共和主义政治思想对号召人民支持革命和共和国的事业产生巨大作用；同时弥尔顿的共和主义政治思想承上启下,在英国共和思想的系谱上发挥重大作用。本文分为三章,主要内容如下：第一章主要阐述弥尔顿共和主义思想的形成背景,主要从社会生活背景、个人成长经历和思想文化背景、弥尔顿从诗人到政论家的人生选择三个方面展开。英国的政治冲突一直存在,但是斯图亚特王朝的继任者们不合时宜的要求扩大王权,追求“君权神授”。查理一世缺乏政治敏感,忽视议会和人民的意愿,企图把“君权神授”的思想付诸实践,最终演变成一场波及面极广的内战。弥尔顿受过良好教育,深受古典共和主义的熏陶,作为一系列重要事件的亲历者,他与动荡的国家局势碰撞出精彩的共和主义思想火花。弥尔顿一度放弃写诗,全身心投入到共和国的事业中,为此付出宝贵的视力。在查理二世复辟时期,仍然通过诗歌隐晦的表达共和主义的政治主张。第二章是全文的主体,主要论述弥尔顿的共和主义思想体系。首先,弥尔顿为新生的共和国辩护,力图击退保皇派的污蔑和进攻。他历数查理一世的罪名：暴君、叛国者、杀人犯和本国善良人民之公敌,论述审判国王的传统和依据,得出结论人民是国王的合法审判者。其次,他阐述建设共和国的主张。创立国家和政府的目的是为人民谋利益,因此政府必须充分代表人民的意愿。共和国由人民选出的代表管理国家,是最理想的政府形式。即便是共和国政府,只是暂时代表人民行使管理国家的权力,人民始终是权力的所有者。第三章,主要分析弥尔顿共和主义思想的影响和局限。弥尔顿出任共和国的拉丁文秘书,亲身实践,他的共和主义政治思想对英国资产阶级革命起到引导舆论的作用。但是,因为时代和弥尔顿自身的因素,他的思想并非是完美无缺的,而是具有一定程度的局限性。首先是弥尔顿的精英主义情怀,他虽然主张人民的利益,却不是平等主义者；其次,他对所谓的“精英”的无条件信任,导致对终身制的议员缺少监督；最后,弥尔顿的政论文更多是应对时事的急就章,这就导致他的共和主义政治思想不可避免的缺少系统性。结语部分是对全文的总结,尽管弥尔顿的思想存在局限性,但是他的共和主义思想仍然具有深远的意义。英国政治的发展走向,证明弥尔顿的共和主义政治思想的重大影响；弥尔顿的共和主义政治思想本身就是共和主义思想系谱上的重要一环,他受益于前代共和主义者,同时他的思想又深刻的影响到后继的共和主义者；最后,中国作为新生的共和国,正在进行建设中国的伟大工程,对弥尔顿的共和主义思想系统的分析有利于我们借鉴其中积极的因素,推动我国政治体制的变革。
[Abstract]:The British civilization has always been known conservative. In modern British history, domestic less bloodshed or violence. However, conflict and change in seventeenth Century really is an exception, which is rare in the history of the British Conservative violent era. They launched a civil war, the king's death, various interest groups have stood up to express their political aspirations as. With the fighting spirit of the political thinker, John Milton's republicanism emerged in the context of the times. As the tyrannicide and Republic defender, Milton and the domestic and foreign reactionary forces launched a fierce debate, created a series of essays and pamphlets, positive for the Republic to drum up support. Milton's Republican political thought greatly to call on the people to support the revolution and the cause of the Republic; at the same time, Milton's Republican political thought in the following English Play a major role in pedigree and on the idea of. This paper is divided into three chapters, the main contents are as follows: the first chapter mainly elaborates the formation background of Milton's republicanism, mainly from the social background, personal experience and cultural background, Milton from poet to commentator life three aspects. The British political conflict has existed however, the Stuart Dynasty's successors for expanding kingship be inopportune or inappropriate, the pursuit of "divine right". Charlie's lack of political sensitivity, Parliament and ignore the wishes of the people, to the "divine right of kings" thought into practice, eventually evolved into a very wide ramifications in the civil war. Milton was educated, very classic the influence of republicanism, as a series of important events of the witnesses, he and the turbulent situation in the country the collision of wonderful republicanism Milton sparks. Give up of poetry, devoted to the cause of the Republic, to pay the precious sight. In the period of the restoration of Charlie II, still obscure expression through poetry republicanism politics. The second chapter is the main part of the thesis, republicanism system mainly discusses Milton. First, Milton defended the New Republic, to click the surrender of slander and attack. The emperor sent him Charlie I enumerate counts: tyrant, traitors, murderers and enemies of their good people, this trial King tradition and the basis of the conclusion, people are the king's legitimate judge. Secondly, he described the building of the Republic claims. Founded the state and government to for the people's interests, so the government must fully reflect the will of the people. The Republic representatives elected by the people to manage the country, is the ideal form of government. Even the government of the Republic of China, only Is the temporary management on behalf of the people exercise state power, people always is the owner of the power. In the third chapter, it mainly analyzes the influence of Milton's republicanism and limitations. Milton served as secretary of the Latin Republic, personal practice, his Republican political thought and to guide public opinion on the role of the British bourgeois revolution. However, because the factors of age and Milton own, his thought is not the pink of perfection, but has a certain degree of limitation. The first is Milton's feelings of elitism, although he claims the interests of the people, but is not egalitarian; secondly, his unconditional trust in the so-called "elite", lead to lifelong members of the lack of supervision; finally Milton's essays, more is to deal with the current rush, which led to his Republican political thought inevitable lack of systematic conclusion. Part is a summary of Milton's thoughts, despite the limitations, but his republicanism thought still has far-reaching significance. To the development of British politics, prove the great influence that Milton Republican political thought; Milton's Republican political thought of republicanism itself is an important part of the pedigree, he benefited from the previous generation of republicanism at the same time, his thought and profound influence to subsequent republicanism; finally, Chinese as the New Republic, great engineering construction Chinese ongoing analysis of Milton's republicanism system helps us learn from the positive factors, promoting China's political system reform.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D091

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