中国传统国家治理思想与国家治理现代化研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 07:29

本文关键词：中国传统国家治理思想与国家治理现代化研究　出处：《广西师范学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国传统国家治理思想的一般说法是“外儒内法兼之以道”、“阳儒阴法”或者“王、霸结合”,即是儒家“王道”国家治理思想、法家“霸道”国家治理思想和道家“天道”国家治理思想的有机结合。作为中华文化内在核心的儒、法、道家思想,不仅深刻地塑造了中华民族的民族个性,在政治、文化、心理上对中华民族具有既深且远的影响;而且建构了传统国家治理的思想框架。儒家“王道”治理思想基于“社会人”的人性学说,主张伦理型政治:寓个人——家——国为一体,强调通过个人的自我砥砺以获得“仁心”,然后诉诸教化和伦理影响,通过“忠恕之道”,发为“仁政”,表现在外就是“礼治”;其讲求“内圣外王”之道,通过“格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国”的层层推进达到“平天下”的治理境界。法家“霸道”国家治理思想基于“功利人”的人性学说,主张强力型政治:君、臣、民三者相向争利,互为劲敌,只有通过强力和权势才可以生成上下秩序、尊卑地位;因此,其讲求通过以“势”为基础、以“法”为制度、以“术”为手段的方式来治理国家。道家“天道”国家治理思想基于“自然人”的人性学说,主张无为型政治:保持百姓的天然淳朴本性,使人自得其乐,解构外部力量的压制,顺从自然;其强调通过“无为则无不为”的治理手段,达到“小国寡民”的治理境界。儒、法、道三家治国思想在先秦时期形成以来,在两千多年的帝制国家实践中不断地融合和丰富,推动了国家治理思想的深化,提升了国家治理水平的提高。在当下推动国家治理水平现代化的进程中:一方面,我们应当积极发挥传统文化应有的文化稳固作用;另一方面,也要注意到传统文化中消解、延滞现代化进程的因素,并促使其积极转向,再一次推动国家治理水平的提升和治理能力的提高。
[Abstract]:The general words of our country's traditional thought of national governance are "external Confucianism and internal law combined with Taoism", "yang Confucianism and yin law" or "the combination of king and hegemony", that is, the Confucian "king's way" thought of national governance. As the inner core of Chinese culture, Confucianism, law and Taoism have not only deeply shaped the national personality of the Chinese nation. In politics, culture and psychology, the Chinese nation has a deep and distant influence; Moreover, it constructs the ideological framework of traditional national governance. The Confucian "royal way" governance thought is based on the human nature theory of "social man", and advocates ethical politics: the integration of individual, home and country. Emphasis is placed on obtaining "benevolence" through personal self-cultivation, and then resorting to enlightenment and ethical influence. Through "the way of loyalty and forgiveness", it is called "benevolent government", the expression of which is "rule of propriety"; Its emphasis on the "inside and outside the king" way, through "character, to know, sincerity, heart, self-cultivation, family." On the basis of the human nature theory of "utilitarian man", the Legalist "hegemonic" national governance thought advocated the strong politics: the monarch, the minister, and the people strive for profit. Each other is a strong enemy, only through power and power can produce the order of the upper and lower, the status of inferiority; Therefore, its emphasis is to govern the country by means of "power", "law" and "art". The Taoist "Heaven Tao" is based on the human nature theory of "natural person". To maintain the natural and simple nature of the people, to make people enjoy themselves, to deconstruct the suppression of external forces, and to obey nature; It emphasizes that through the governance means of "doing nothing but doing nothing", it has reached the state of governance of "small country with no people". Confucianism, law and Taoism have been formed since the pre-Qin period. In more than 2,000 years of monarchical state practice, continuous integration and enrichment, promoting the deepening of the thought of national governance. In the process of promoting the modernization of national governance level: on the one hand, we should actively play the role of traditional culture to stabilize the culture; On the other hand, we should also pay attention to the factors of dissolving and delaying the process of modernization in the traditional culture, and urge them to turn positively to promote the improvement of the level of national governance and the improvement of governance ability once again.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D092;D630

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