罗尔斯“公共理性”的建构路径研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 00:13

本文关键词： 公共理性建构路径协商民主参与宽容公共利益　出处：《南开大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在西方,随着社会生活越来越呈现出多元化的趋势,人们在认知、利益、人生理想等方面越来越表现出多元取向,出现了“理性多元论”。面对这种多元化差异的存在,实现社会的良序发展变得十分迫切,因而公共理性的建构问题显得愈发重要。公共理性何以可能?公共理性的建构路径是什么?对于这一问题的研究不仅在学理上十分重要,而且具有重要的现实意义。公共理性是当代西方政治哲学领域的一个核心概念,不同学者从不同角度对公共理性问题进行了思考和研究。尽管罗尔斯之前的许多思想家对公共理性进行了不同程度、不同视角的研究,但罗尔斯才是公共理性思想的集大成者。目前,国内外学者对罗尔斯公共理性的研究主要集中于“是什么”的层面,缺乏对公共理性建构路径的研究,并且未见从协商民主视角予以探讨。本文试图深入挖掘罗尔斯的协商民主思想,同时从公民参与、公民宽容和公共利益的视角分析公共理性达成的前提、保障和关键,从公共理性“何以可能”、“如何建构”的层面探究公共理性的建构路径。本文分别从公共理性的内在结构和公共理性的协商特征两个方面对罗尔斯的公共理性进行界说,关于内在结构方面,罗尔斯的公共理性有其独特的适用范围和对应的适用主体;关于协商特征方面,罗尔斯的公共理性具有相互性、包容性和公共性的协商精神,是一种融汇多元的共识,是一种立足于价值多元性寻求的平衡点。论文围绕“如何建构公共理性”问题从三方面展开论述:在广泛的公民参与中构建公共理性论坛;在宽容中达成共识,在和谐中趋向合理;在正确处理各种利益关系的基础上实现公共利益的最大化。罗尔斯公共理性的观念产生了深远影响和现实意义,诸如本杰明?巴伯、阿米?古特曼、丹尼斯?汤普森以及詹姆斯?博曼都无一例外地受到罗尔斯的影响。但是,罗尔斯在结合协商民主思想建构公共理性的过程中仍然遇到了困境。这主要表现为两个方面:首先,理论方面的困境主要是指,罗尔斯对公共理性观念进行的适用范围以及适用主体两方面的限制,这一定程度上导致了协商性的不足。其次,实践方面的困境主要是指,结合协商民主思想建构公共理性时遇到的公民参与、公民宽容以及公共利益方面的困境。只有直面并解决这些问题,公共理性的建构将不再是镜花水月,而是经受实践检验并扎根于现实土壤的参天大树。
[Abstract]:In the West, with the social life showing a more and more diversified trend, people in cognition, interests, life ideals and other aspects of more and more diversified orientation. In the face of this diversity difference, it is very urgent to realize the good order development of society, so the construction of public rationality becomes more and more important. How can public rationality be possible? What is the construction path of public rationality? The research on this issue is not only very important in theory, but also of great practical significance. Public rationality is a core concept in the field of contemporary western political philosophy. Different scholars have thought and studied public rationality from different angles, although many thinkers before Rawls have studied public rationality in different degrees and from different perspectives. But Rawls is the master of public rationality. At present, scholars at home and abroad mainly focus on the "what" level of public rationality, lack of research on the path of public rationality construction. This paper tries to dig into Rawls' thought of deliberative democracy, and analyzes the premise of public rationality from the perspective of citizen participation, citizen tolerance and public interest. Protection and key from public rationality "how possible". This paper defines Rawls' public rationality from two aspects: the internal structure of public rationality and the negotiation characteristics of public rationality. In terms of internal structure, Rawls' public rationality has its unique scope of application and corresponding subject. With regard to the characteristics of negotiation, Rawls' public rationality has the spirit of mutual, inclusive and public negotiation, which is a kind of consensus that combines multiple elements. It is a kind of balance point based on value pluralism. The thesis discusses the problem of "how to construct public rationality" from three aspects: constructing public rational forum in the extensive citizen participation; To reach consensus in tolerance and to be reasonable in harmony; Realize the maximization of public interest on the basis of dealing with all kinds of interests correctly. Rawls' concept of public rationality has profound influence and practical significance, such as Benjamin? Barber, Ami? Gutman, Dennis? Thompson and James? Bowman was influenced by Rawls without exception. However, Rawls still encountered difficulties in the process of constructing public rationality with the idea of deliberative democracy. This was mainly manifested in two aspects: first of all. The theoretical dilemma mainly refers to Rawls' limitations on the scope of application of the concept of public rationality and the application of the subject, which to some extent led to the lack of negotiation. Secondly. The practical dilemma mainly refers to the civil participation, civil tolerance and public interest difficulties encountered in the construction of public rationality with the idea of deliberative democracy. Only to face and solve these problems. The construction of public rationality is no longer a mirror flower, but a towering tree tested by practice and rooted in the real soil.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D091

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