现代公民精神：基

发布时间：2018-02-04 05:42

本文关键词： 现代国家现代公民公民精神　出处：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：所谓公民精神,其实就是指公民应当具备的基本素养。在不断演进的复杂历史中,对公民基本素养的研究和论述也经历了不断的发现、提炼、升华和传承。随着现代化的日益深入,现代国家走向成熟。现代国家对公民精神也有了新的要求。在现代社会,作为一个合格公民应该具备四种公民能力：有关政治现象的认知能力；发现政治知识、制度创新的能力；将政治知识转化为政治行动的能力；政治参与(政治沟通。政治合作、政治妥协)的能力。这些公民能力的获得需要更加完善的现代公民精神的支撑。因此有必要总结人类政治史上对公民精神问题的真知灼见,梳理出一套与现代政治生活相适应的公民精神体系。笔者研究发现,古希腊城邦时代是一个积极公民时代,现代公民的独立性、公共性和宽容性可以在这一时期找到源头,因此古希腊时代可以被看作现代公民精神的溯源地。古希腊的公民理论也是现在公民精神的第一个理论基础。文艺复兴时期通过对古希腊罗马时期文学艺术思想的发掘与改造,催生了“人文主义”。在人文主义的指引下,人的世俗价值冲破了宗教神圣教条的枷锁。逐渐把目光由“上帝的领域”转移到“凯撒的世界”的人们开始意识到作为独立的、理性的个人所拥有的崇高价值。因此文艺复兴时期的“人文主义”思潮构成了现代公民精神的第二个理论基础。启蒙运动时期的理论思想为现代国家提供了理论支持,对国家的起源进行了不同以往的阐释,对限制政府权威的方法进行了理论上的构思。这一时期是个人权利和自由的萌生时期,也是现代公民理论的破茧时期。受契约论的影响,在公民、国家和宗教的互动中,公民的公共精神、宽容与妥协精神以及独立精神逐渐丰富完善,因此启蒙思想就成了现代公民精神的第三个理论基础。笔者通过梳理总结,把以古希腊时期、文艺复兴时期和启蒙运动时期有关公民政治品格的论述为理论基础的现代公民精神,归纳为一套由公共精神、宽容与妥协精神和独立精神等为主题的现代精神体系。这套精神体系对于当前服务型政府构建、社会主义市场经济建设和公民文化建设都具有较高的指导意义。
[Abstract]:The so-called civic spirit, in fact, refers to the basic literacy citizens should have. In the complex history of continuous evolution, the study and discussion of the basic literacy of citizens has also experienced continuous discovery and refinement. Sublimation and inheritance. With the deepening of modernization, the modern country is maturing. The modern country also has new requirements for the civic spirit. In the modern society. As a qualified citizen, there should be four kinds of civil ability: the cognitive ability of the political phenomenon; The ability to discover political knowledge and institutional innovation; Ability to translate political knowledge into political action; Political participation (political communication. Political cooperation. The ability of political compromise. The acquisition of these civic abilities needs the support of more perfect modern civic spirit. Therefore, it is necessary to sum up the insights on the issue of civic spirit in the history of human politics. The author found that the ancient Greek city-state era was an active citizen age and the independence of modern citizens. Publicity and tolerance can be found in this period. Therefore, the ancient Greek era can be regarded as the source of the modern civic spirit. The ancient Greek citizenship theory is also the first theoretical basis of the present civic spirit. The Renaissance through the ancient Greek and Roman literary and artistic thought. To excavate and transform. Gave birth to "humanism". Under the guidance of humanism. The secular value of man has broken through the shackles of religious sacred dogma, and people who have gradually shifted their eyes from the "realm of God" to the "world of Caesar" have begun to realize their independence. The lofty value of a rational individual. Hence the Renaissance's "humanism." The ideological trend constitutes the second theoretical basis of modern citizenship. The theoretical thought of the Enlightenment provides theoretical support for the modern country. The origin of the state has been interpreted differently, and the method of restricting the authority of the government has been theoretically conceived. This period is the initiation period of individual rights and freedoms. Under the influence of contract theory, the citizen's public spirit, tolerance and compromise spirit and the independent spirit gradually enrich and perfect in the interaction of citizen, state and religion. Therefore, the enlightenment thought has become the third theoretical basis of the modern civic spirit. The modern civic spirit, which is based on the discussion of citizen's political character during the Renaissance and the Enlightenment period, is summed up as a set of public spirit. The spirit of tolerance and compromise and the spirit of independence are the modern spiritual system, which has a high guiding significance for the construction of the service-oriented government, the construction of the socialist market economy and the construction of the citizen culture.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D091

【引证文献】