论密尔少数派自由思想

发布时间：2018-02-04 07:01

本文关键词： 密尔自由少数派多数派　出处：《河北大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在密尔所生活的19世纪,欧洲社会的政治生活发生了巨大变动,是一个社会大变革时期。工业革命后,新的社会构成呼唤新的民主制度来实现不只是多数人的也是少数人的自由。另外,密尔自幼接受良好教育,优越的中产阶级生活环境使他能够与当时最出类拔萃的人物进行密切的知识交流,对这些真理的吸收成为他智力进步的最大部分,也是密尔少数派自由思想的理论渊源。密尔所谓的少数派指的是社会精英和妇女,他认为社会精英的自由是极其珍贵的但也最容易受到伤害,没有社会地位的妇女是一个类似少数派的性别,他用同样的理论根据不仅为社会精英的权利辩护也为妇女的自由辩护。密尔认为多数派统治的民主是虚伪的民主,它侵犯了少数人的自由,是多数人对少数人的暴政。少数派自由的真谛就是要摆脱多数人对少数人自由的窒息,充分发展不只是多数人的而且也是少数人的个体性。密尔强调在已经取得民主政府的权利之后,代议制政府实施的措施可以最有效的保障在政治和社会生活中真正实现公民自由,使每一个人的自由都能得以体现。因此,密尔少数派自由思想并不否认洛克和边沁的自由理论,而是对前人自由主义精神的进一步深化和发展。作为一个理论体系,密尔少数派自由思想良莠不齐,有超越前人的成就,也有启迪后人的局限,在自由主义发展史上占有重要地位。
[Abstract]:In 19th century, when Mill lived, great changes took place in the political life of European society, a period of great social change. After the Industrial Revolution. The new social fabric calls for a new democracy to achieve freedom not only for the majority but also for the minority. In addition, Mill was well educated from an early age. The superior middle-class living environment enabled him to communicate closely with the most outstanding figures of the time, and the absorption of these truths became the largest part of his intellectual progress. It is also the theoretical origin of Mill's minority freedom. Mill's so-called minority refers to the social elite and women. He believes that the freedom of the social elite is extremely precious but also the most vulnerable. Women without social status are a minority sex. On the same theoretical basis, he defended not only the rights of the social elite but also the freedoms of women. Mill argued that the democracy ruled by the majority was a hypocritical democracy that violated the freedoms of minorities. It is the tyranny of the majority against the minority. The true meaning of minority freedom is to get rid of the suffocation of the majority on the freedom of the minority. Full development is not only for the majority but also for the minority. Mill stresses that after the right to democratic government has been achieved. The measures implemented by representative government can most effectively guarantee the real realization of civil liberties in political and social life, so that everyone's freedom can be realized. Mill minority freedom thought does not deny Locke and Bentham's freedom theory, but further deepens and develops the former liberalism spirit. As a theoretical system, Mill minority freedom thought is intermingled. There are achievements beyond predecessors, but also enlighten the limitations of posterity, in the history of liberalism plays an important role.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D09

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