论柏克的有限理性政治观

发布时间：2018-02-22 08:04

本文关键词： 柏克理性主义有限理性权利传统制度　出处：《中国政法大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 本文认为柏克政治思想的核心在于他对理性的怀疑和对理性主义的批判,以此为基础,柏克形成了自己独特的有限理性政治观。有限理性的政治观念构成柏克政治思想的首要特征。柏克的有限理性政治观是在英国特定历史条件下的保守氛围中孕育,在国内王权蓄意扩张、激进主义思潮涌动和法国大革命爆发的政治形势下,为了维护英国自“光荣革命”以来所确立的政治传统而形成的。柏克的有限理性政治思想深受苏格兰启蒙思想尤其是休谟对“理性”研究的影响,并且批判地继承了自霍布斯、洛克以来的古典自由主义的权利思想。此外,亚里士多德“政治是一门道德善的艺术”的思想也对柏克产生了一定的影响。柏克有限理性政治观的核心是他对理性之有限性的认识,有限理性思想构成柏克政治思想的认识论基础。基于有限理性的认识论基础,柏克对权利、传统、社会制度都提出了不同的认识,这构成柏克有限理性政治观的基本内容。在权利观上,柏克认为权利不是抽象的、思辨的权利,也不是天赋人权,而是社会中的权利;在传统观上,柏克认为传统是历史的积淀,是连接人类理性与上帝意志的中介,他尊崇的是英国自由法治的传统;在社会制度变革观上,柏克提出有机的社会制度观,赞成渐进的改革、反对完全基于抽象理论设计的革命。柏克的有限理性政治观对后世有着巨大的影响。在二十世纪理性泛滥导致了极权主义政治的背景下,柏克的有限理性政治观被哈耶克等人重视和重述。对现代政治中的一些问题和正处于社会转型时期的中国而言,柏克的有限理性政治观也有着非常深刻的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:This paper holds that the core of Burke's political thought lies in his skepticism of reason and his criticism of rationalism. Burke has formed his own unique view of limited rational politics, which constitutes the primary feature of Burke's political thought. Burke's view of limited rational politics was nurtured in the conservative atmosphere under the specific historical conditions of Britain, in the political situation of the deliberate expansion of domestic Wang Quan, the surge of radicalism and the outbreak of the French Revolution. In order to preserve the political tradition established in Britain since the "glorious revolution", Burke's limited rational political thought was deeply influenced by Scottish enlightenment thought, especially Hume's study of rationality, and critically inherited from Hobbes. In addition, Aristotle's thought of "Politics is an art of moral goodness" also has a certain influence on Burke. The core of Burke's view of limited rational politics is his understanding of the finiteness of reason, which forms the epistemological basis of Burke's political thought. In the view of rights, Burke holds that rights are not abstract, speculative rights, nor natural human rights, but rights in society; In the view of tradition, Burke holds that tradition is the accumulation of history and the intermediary between human reason and the will of God. What he venerates is the tradition of freedom and rule of law in Britain; in the view of social system change, Burke puts forward the organic view of social system. For progressive reform and against revolution based entirely on abstract theory. Burke's view of limited rational politics had a great influence on later generations. In 20th century, the spread of rationality led to totalitarian politics. Burke's view of limited rational politics has been emphasized and restated by Hayek and others. For some problems in modern politics and China which is in the period of social transformation, Burke's view of limited rational politics also has a very profound significance for reference.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D0

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