列宁权力观研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 04:32

本文关键词： 列宁权力观权力来源权力价值取向权力的监督　出处：《华中师范大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：权力观是指人们对权力的看法和观点,包括对权力的来源、性质、根基、配置和运行、价值倾向和监督制约等问题的认识和态度。权力观是个历史现象,不同的社会、不同的阶级有着不同的权力观,甚至在同一社会下不同的历史时期也有不同的权力观。权力观有马克思主义的正确的权力观,也有非马克思主义的错误的权力观。正确的权力观必须建立在马克思主义世界观和方法论的基础之上。马克思主义唯物史观认为,人民群众是社会历史的主体,是历史的创造者,一切权力来源于人民。权力的核心是国家政权,它反映了人与人之间的政治关系,人民授权委托给党和政府及其工作人员,这些工作人员由人民选举产生,对人民负责,为人民谋利,受人民监督,人民有权罢免自己选出的代表。列宁权力观是列宁关于权力的一般的、正确的观点。它继承并发展了马克思和恩格斯对权力的一般的观点和看法,它是马克思主义权力观在俄国发展的新阶段、新成果。它是在批判资本主义社会代议制和“三权分立”原则的基础上,通过对社会主义国家民主政治建设和执政党建设的经验教训的总结,最终形成了列宁权力观。它立足于苏维埃政权建设和解决共产党长期执政的历史课题的需要,在实践上首次就社会主义国家权力运行体系及其基本规律和具体实现形式作了系统地、开创性地创建和阐述。它奠定了苏联模式的基础并且为其他社会主义国家权力体系模式的创建提供了宝贵的经验。列宁权力观是一个不断完善发展的过程。大致以十月革命为分界线,十月革命以前,列宁基本沿袭了马恩权力观点。十月革命后,列宁对权力来自人民、为人民谋利、受人民监督这些精神内核没有改变的情况下,对权力的配置和运行机制认识有了大幅的改变,特别是在列宁的晚年,在分析总结权力运行过程中所暴露出的问题的基础上,列宁对权力的看法又发生了一些改变,诸如规范党政权力、强化党内监督机关的地位等。但还未等到他亲自把某些理论和观点付诸实践,伟大的社会主义开创者与世长辞。列宁权力观的内容主要是：在权力的来源上,必须坚持权力的人民属性。他认为无产阶级革命的根本问题是获得国家政权,也就是获得国家权力。从本源上讲,全部政权归属人民组成的苏维埃,苏维埃吸收群众参加国家管理,人民群众拥有选举权和罢免权。这说明权力来自人民,党和政府的权力是人民赋予的。同时,为了保证权力的人民性和实现权力运行的有效性,列宁提出要加强苏维埃建设。要正确配置权力,建立科学的权力机构,就要科学处理党权(执政党)、政府的权力(苏维埃)和社会的权力(工会)之间的关系,实现人民本位。在权力的根基上,苏维埃政权是依靠人民群众建立的,苏维埃政权不同于以往旧政权的地方就在于它代表了全国绝大多数人的利益。党要维持政权的长治不衰,就要密切联系群众,尊重群众的首创精神,满足人民群众的利益诉求。在权力的价值取向上,无产阶级政党之所以带领人民夺取了政权,就是因为提出了符合人民群众利益的政治经济纲领。无产阶级及其政党夺取政权后,他们手中的权力就应该为民服务,维护和实现最广大人民的利益,就要大力发展生产力,坚持尊重个人利益的原则,加强党风和反腐倡廉建设,反对以权谋私,与民争利。在权力制约和监督上,提出党和政府的权力要受到人民监督。要完善党内监督,加强中央监察委员会建设；要完善群众监督,赋予人民选举权和罢免权,坚持公开的原则,建立工作报告制度；要完善法律监督,检察机关、法院和司法人民委员部分工负责,各司其职。要保证法律监督机关的独立性,避免受到地方的干涉,保证司法公正。文章的最后部分谈了列宁权力观对中国的时代价值。在分析列宁权力观精神内核的基础上,通过列宁权力观和社会主义实践的相互印证,总结出列宁权力观的时代价值和现实意义。通过分析总结我国当前党员干部中存在的错误权力观及其成因,有针对性的提出了一些建议。这些建议都是基于实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标,都是为了开创中国特色社会主义新局面。
[Abstract]:Power view refers to the people ' s views and opinions about power , including the cognition and attitude towards the source , the nature , the root foundation , the collocation and the operation , the value tendency and the supervision restriction of the power . The power view is a historical phenomenon , different societies , different classes have different power views , even in different historical periods in the same society . Marxist historical materialism believes that the people are the main body of social history , the creator of history , and all the power comes from the people . The core of power is the state power , which reflects the political relationship between the people and the people , and the people are entrusted to the Party and the government and their staff . These staff are elected by the people , the people are responsible for the people , and the people are supervised and the people have the right to recall their elected representatives . Lenin ' s power of power is a general and correct view of Lenin ' s power . It inherits and develops Marx and Engels ' general views and views on power . It is the new stage and new achievement of Marxism power view in Russia ' s development . Lenin ' s power of power is a process of continuous improvement . After the October Revolution , Lenin basically inherited the view of Mr . Ma ' s power . After the October Revolution , Lenin made great changes to the power ' s configuration and operation mechanism , especially in the later years of Lenin . In order to ensure the people ' s ability and to realize the right of the people , Lenin put forward that the power of the Communist Party and the government should be strengthened . In order to ensure the people ' s character of power and to realize the power operation , Lenin put forward that the power of the Communist Party and the government should be strengthened . In order to ensure the people ' s ability of power and the power of the people , Lenin put forward that the power of the Party and the government should be strengthened . The last part of the article discusses the value of Lenin ' s power view on China . On the basis of analyzing Lenin ' s spirit kernel , this paper sums up the era value and realistic meaning of Lenin ' s power view through mutual certification of Lenin ' s power of power and socialist practice , and puts forward some suggestions . These suggestions are based on the goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation , which is to create a new situation of socialism with Chinese characteristics .

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A82;D091

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