20世纪英美学者关于古罗斯国家起源问题的研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 11:38

本文关键词： 英美学者古罗斯国家起源罗斯人　出处：《陕西师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：古罗斯国家起源问题是国际史学界长期争论的问题之一。20世纪30年代后,俄裔美籍学者乔治·维尔纳茨基将这一问题的研究带入英美史学界。此后,英美学者依据文献材料、运用语言学、考古学、人类学的知识,结合欧洲、阿拉伯和中亚的史料,从比较宏观的角度对这一问题进行了探讨,对古罗斯国家起源问题进行了比较深入的研究。本文按年代分期,重点介绍各个时期对这一问题研究具有重大影响的英美学者的观点：第一部分20世纪40-60年代英美学者关于古罗斯国家起源问题的研究,共分三小节,分别介绍乔治·维尔纳茨基、亨里克·帕斯凯维奇和尼古拉·梁赞诺夫斯基对古罗斯国家起源问题的研究。这一时期影响最大的是乔治·维尔纳茨基,他对诺曼派和反诺曼派进行了批判,对古罗斯编年史《往年记事》提出质疑,并详细研究了留里克其人。他认为罗斯人是黑海东北部阿兰尼克人的一支,芬兰人把到过亚速海地区的斯堪的纳维亚人误认为是“罗斯人”。由于哈扎尔人阻断亚速海的罗斯人和北方诺曼人之间的商路,在西欧游荡多年的丹麦封建领主留里克占据北方后,与此同时急于打通南部商道的诺曼贵族阿斯柯尔特和迪尔南下占据了基辅,由此为古罗斯国家的建立奠定了基础。亨里克·帕斯凯维奇的研究主要是针对“罗斯”这个词的含义,而不是对这个问题的具体研究。而梁赞诺夫斯基对古罗斯国家起源问题的探讨,停留在介绍阶段,他将各方学者的观点推广到了教学之中。第二部分20世纪70-80年代英美学者关于古罗斯国家起源问题的研究,分三个小节介绍。这一时期影响最大的奥门尔詹·普里查克的观点。普里查克对诺曼派和反诺曼派的争论进行了评析,提出了自己对研究古罗斯国家起源问题的看法,结合历史大环境讨论了影响古罗斯国家起源的重要历史事件。他认为罗斯人是一群国际商人,是携带波罗的海文化的海上游牧民族,他们与草原游牧民族经过两个世纪的结合,最后催生了斯拉夫文化,形成了古罗斯国家。第三部分20世纪90年代以后英美学者关于古罗斯国家起源问题的研究,分为两小节。第一小节重点介绍这一时期影响最大的西门·富兰克林和乔纳森·谢波德的观点,富兰克林和谢波德对《往年纪事》的记载提出质疑,他们认为“罗斯人”这个称呼源于瑞典法律对奥兰群岛的称呼,罗斯可汗位于伊尔门湖地区,基辅成为国际商贸中心后,很多罗斯贵族移居基辅,北方罗斯可汗用了近三十年时间完成了政治军事心的南移,由此形成了古罗斯国家。第二节简要介绍托马斯·努南关于古罗斯国家起源问题的研究,他主要依据考古材料,观点上倾向于诺曼派。
[Abstract]:The question of the origin of the ancient state is one of the long-debated issues in international historiography. After 30s, the Russian-American scholar George Wernatsky brought the study of this issue into British and American historiography, and since then, British and American scholars have relied on the literature. Using knowledge of linguistics, archaeology, anthropology and historical data from Europe, Arabia and Central Asia, this paper discusses this problem from a macro perspective. This paper focuses on the views of Anglo-American scholars who have a great influence on the study of this issue in different periods. Part one: in 20th century, British and American scholars in the 1940s and '60s studied the origin of the ancient Ross state, in three sections, introducing George Wernaecki, respectively. Henrik Paskeevich and Nikolay Ryzanovsky's study of the origin of the ancient Ross state. The greatest influence of this period was George Wernaecki, who criticized the Norman and the anti-Norman. Questioning the chronicle of the chronicles of Groth, the chronicle of previous years, and studying in detail the people of Rarik, who considered the Ross to be a member of the Alanick people in the northeast of the Black Sea. The Finns mistook Scandinavians who had been to the Azov Sea as "Ross." because the Hazare blocked the trade between the Ross and the Normans in the Azov Sea, After the occupation of the north by the Danish feudal lords who had wandered for many years in Western Europe, the Norman aristocrats Askolt and Dir who were eager to break through the southern merchants occupied Kiev. This laid the foundation for the founding of the ancient Ross state. Henrik Paskeevich's research focused on the meaning of the word "Ross." Instead of a specific study of this problem, Ryazanovsky's discussion of the origin of the ancient Ross state remained at the stage of introduction, and he extended the views of various scholars to the teaching. The second part is the study on the origin of ancient Ross by Anglo-American scholars in the 1970s and 1980s in 20th century. It's introduced in three sections. The most influential point of view of this period, Olmmann Pritchuck, who commented on the debate between the Norman and the anti-Norman, and put forward his own views on the origin of the ancient Ross state. The important historical events affecting the origin of the ancient Ross country are discussed in the light of the historical environment. He considers the Ross people to be a group of international businessmen and a maritime nomadic people carrying the Baltic Sea culture, and they have been combined with the nomads of the grasslands for two centuries. Finally gave birth to the Slavic culture, the formation of the ancient country. The third part consists of two sections on the origin of ancient Ross after 1990s. The first section focuses on the views of Simon Franklin and Jonathan Shepherd, who were most influential in this period. Franklin and Shepherd questioned the record of the Chronicle of previous years, arguing that the term "Ross" originated in Swedish law for the Oran Islands. Rothkhan was located in Lake Irmen, and Kiev became an international trade center. Many of Ross's nobles moved to Kiev, and Rothkhan in the north took nearly three decades to complete the southward movement of the political-military heart, which led to the formation of the ancient Ross state. The second section gives a brief introduction to Thomas Nunan's study of the origin of the ancient Ross state. Based mainly on archaeological materials, he preferred the Norman school of thought.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D09

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