葛兰西的政党思想及其现实意义

发布时间：2018-02-25 23:02

本文关键词： 葛兰西政党思想现实意义　出处：《陕西师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：葛兰西是晚于列宁的社会主义思想家,是意大利共产党的创始人和总记,他以其深邃的西方文化修养和对西欧社会主义运动的客观情况的深入了解,力图在同机会主义的斗争中寻找符合西欧发达资本主义国家历史现实情况的革命道路,他的政党思想同样是在这样的环境中产生的。葛兰西的政党思想是葛兰西政治思想中不可或缺的重要组成部分。国外学者对于葛兰西的研究侧重于他的思想对他之后的意大利共产党的影响和意义、对于当今资本主义社会存在的问题的解决的意义,具有较强的开放性和时代性,但是总体上却倾向于去马克思主义化研究,较少论及葛兰西与马克思主义之间的关系。国内学者对于葛兰西的政治思想侧重于介绍说明,较少对其加以分析和运用。对葛兰西政党思想方面的研究也都是散见于、包含于葛兰西其他方面的理论研究当中。在综合国内外研究现状的基础上可以看到,葛兰西政党思想研究在一定程度上可以说是葛兰西政治思想研究的一个缺失。因此,把隐藏在葛兰西政治思想中的政党思想单独作为一个研究对象进行研究就显得极其必要。本文以葛兰西的政党思想为研究对象,从葛兰西的内容极其丰富的政治思想中寻找与之相关的理论和思想,以葛兰西的主要著作为依据,以中国共产党所面临的时代背景及时代任务为实践基础,从葛兰西的政党思想中汲取对于执政党建设有益的经验和启示。本文除结论外具体包括以下四个部分：第一部分是引言,主要介绍论文的选题意义、国内外研究现状、框架结构及创新之处、研究方法。第二部分是葛兰西政党思想产生的背景,主要从意大利无产阶级运动缺乏领导、葛兰西对“南方问题”的持续研究和关注、一战中和战后意大利社会党对局势的无能为力、俄国革命和列宁思想的影响、意共产生时的国际国内形势、意共内部的宗派主义及苏共内部的矛盾这七个方面介绍了葛兰西政党思想产生的时代背景和思想环境。第三部分是本文的主体内容,即葛兰西政党思想的内容,包括四个方面：一是政党的含义、形成和消亡,介绍了什么是政党,什么是马克思主义政党；二是政党的组成要素及其相互关系,政党由群众要素、干部要素和领袖要素组成；三是政党的特征,党是民族主义和国际主义的统一,党是群众性政党,党的组织原则是“有机的”民主集中制,党是一个“集体知识分子”,党是总体性政党以及党的统一战线思想；四是政党的职能,党具有政治领导职能、平衡和仲裁的职能、文化职能和警察职能。第四部分是葛兰西政党思想的现实意义,本部分从以下四个方面论述：一是扩大党的群众基础；二是加强意识形态教育；三是在党建中坚持民主集中制；四是加强干部队伍建设。
[Abstract]:Gramsci, a socialist thinker later than Lenin, was the founder and general record of the Italian Communist Party. With his profound western culture and deep understanding of the objective situation of the socialist movement in Western Europe, Striving to find a revolutionary path in the struggle against opportunism that conforms to the historical realities of the developed capitalist countries of Western Europe, His party thought was also produced in such an environment, and Gramsci's party thought was an indispensable part of Gramsci's political thought. The study on Gramsci by foreign scholars focuses on the influence and significance of his thoughts on the Italian Communist Party after him, and on the significance of solving the problems existing in the capitalist society. But on the whole, they tend to deMarxism, less on the relationship between Gramsci and Marxism. Domestic scholars focus on introducing and explaining Gramsci's political thought. It is seldom analyzed and applied. The study of Gramsci's party ideology is also scattered in other theoretical studies of Gramsci. On the basis of synthesizing the current research situation at home and abroad, we can see, To a certain extent, the study of Gramsci's party thought can be said to be a deficiency of his political thought, so it is very necessary to study the political party thought hidden in Gramsci's political thought as an object of study. This article regards Gramsci's political party thought as the research object, looks for the related theory and thought from the Gramsci's political thought which is extremely rich, takes the Gramsci's main work as the basis, Based on the background and task of the times faced by the Communist Party of China, this paper draws useful experience and enlightenment from Gramsci's party thought on the construction of the ruling party. Besides the conclusion, this paper includes the following four parts:. The first part is the introduction, which mainly introduces the significance of the topic, the current situation of domestic and foreign research, the frame structure and innovation, and the research methods. The second part is the background of Gramsci's political party thought, mainly from the lack of leadership of the Italian proletarian movement, the continuous research and concern of Gramsci on the "Southern problem", and the powerlessness of the Italian Socialist Party to the situation during and after the first World War. The influence of the Russian Revolution and Lenin's thought, the international and domestic situation when the Italian Communist Party came into being, the sectarianism within the Italian Communist Party and the contradictions within the Communist Party of Soviet Union (CPC) introduced the background and the ideological environment of Gramsci's party thought. The third part is the main content of this article, that is, the content of Gramsci's party thought, including four aspects: first, the meaning of political party, formation and extinction, introduced what is a political party, what is a Marxist political party; Second, the constituent elements of political parties and their mutual relations, which are composed of mass elements, cadre elements and leadership elements; third, the characteristics of political parties, the unity of nationalism and internationalism, and the mass nature of the party. The organizational principle of the Party is "organic" democratic centralism, the Party is a "collective intellectual", the Party is the overall political party and the Party's United front ideology, and the fourth is the function of the party, which has the functions of political leadership, balance and arbitration. Cultural and police functions. The 4th part is the realistic significance of Gramsci's party thought. This part is discussed from the following four aspects: first, to expand the mass base of the Party; second, to strengthen ideological education; third, to adhere to democratic centralism in the party building; Fourth, we should strengthen the building of the contingent of cadres.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D09

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