近现代中国国家问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 06:19

本文关键词： 民族国家民主制度制度设计现代化　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 近现代中国在西方世界的冲击下,开始其艰难的转型,从制度层面的借鉴到观念层面的转变,这一历史进程昭示了民主制度最终取代专制制度是历史的选择,是不可扭转的趋势。本论文的选题意在梳理历史的过程中,通过对历史文献的考察及其在与西方国家的对比分析中,总结出近现代中国在国家治理制度化方面的经验与教训,为构建中国现代国家制度提供一定的理论依据,促进国家理论的进一步研究。近现代中国的制度仿制与构建的基本路径是循着民主化与现代化的价值取向展开的,其选择的方向性是符合世界和中国社会发展潮流的,同时也是后发展国家实现赶超先进国家的捷径与必然选择。虽然诸多失败,但是在此过程中,中国人开始重新认识世界和自身,逐步认识到在制度文明上与西方国家的差距,为日后的变革奠定了思想基础。经验的获取离不开对于教训的深刻领会,近现代中国在制度仿制与构建过程中备受对民主共和的渴望与对西方民主政治负面影响恐惧的矛盾心理的困扰,而且对西方政制的整体性认识不够,对制度的变迁只侧重有形的制度形式,在整个制度的构建中更是急功近利、盲目乐观。但造成制度蜕变与失败的最直接、最主要的原因则是在威权政治中的政治强人观念陈旧,对权力过于贪恋,使民主共和制度徒有虚名。因而,在总结经验与教训的过程中,我们需要澄清几个重要理论问题:1.西方民主制度是可以实现仿效与移植的。但需要注意的是,在制度移植与仿制过程中培养与此制度相适应的制度精神则需要极其漫长的过程。2.西方民主制度与中国国情从根本上说不是对立的,而是有着千丝万缕的联系,普适性文明推动和指引着中国前进的方向,而中国的特殊性也丰富着世界文明的内涵,他们之间实际上是互相弥补、共同发展的。3.制度与人之间的辩证关系是,在制度的形成过程中是个人品质决定和制约了制度的形成;但在政治制度确立后是政治制度决定和制约了个人的行为。
[Abstract]:Under the impact of the western world, modern China began its difficult transition, from the institutional level to the concept of change, this historical process shows that democratic system is the ultimate replacement of the autocratic system is the historical choice. The purpose of this paper is to comb the history, through the historical literature review and comparative analysis with the Western countries, summed up the modern China in the institutionalization of national governance experience and lessons. To provide some theoretical basis for the construction of China's modern state system, and to promote the further study of national theory. The basic path of system imitation and construction in modern China follows the value orientation of democratization and modernization, and the direction of its choice is in line with the trend of world and Chinese social development. At the same time, it is also a shortcut and an inevitable choice for post-developing countries to catch up with advanced countries. Although many failures have occurred, the Chinese people began to re-understand the world and themselves in the process and gradually realized the gap between the institutional civilization and the western countries. For the future changes laid the ideological foundation. Experience is inseparable from the profound understanding of the lessons, In the process of system imitation and construction in modern China, the desire for democratic republicanism and the contradictory psychology of fear of negative influence on western democratic politics are perplexed, and the whole understanding of western political system is not enough. The change of the system only emphasizes the tangible form of the system, and in the construction of the whole system, it is eager for quick success and instant benefit, and blindly optimistic. But the most direct cause of the institutional transformation and failure is the outmoded idea of the political strongman in the authoritarian politics. Too much appetite for power makes the democratic Republican system devoid of fame. Thus, in summing up experiences and lessons, we need to clarify several important theoretical questions: 1. Western democracies can be replicated and transplanted. In the process of institutional transplantation and imitation, it takes an extremely long process to cultivate the spirit of the system which is suitable for this system. The western democratic system and the national conditions of China are not fundamentally opposed, but are inextricably linked. Universal civilization promotes and guides the direction of China's progress, and China's particularity also enriches the connotation of world civilization. In fact, they make up for each other and develop together .3.The dialectical relationship between institutions and people is, In the process of the formation of the system, it is the personal character that determines and restricts the formation of the system, but after the establishment of the political system, it is the political system that determines and restricts the individual's behavior.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D09

【参考文献】