《家礼》朝鲜化与朝鲜王朝的中华观

发布时间：2018-02-28 09:18

本文关键词： 朝鲜王朝认同《燕行录》《家礼》国法　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：朝鲜王朝（1392-1910）素称礼仪之邦，朝鲜时代的礼书卷帙浩繁、礼家前赴后继，与中国礼学范式不同之处在于，朝鲜王朝的整个国家机构与政治体制都建立在礼学的基础之上，不仅朝鲜王室的礼仪制度借助《家礼》得以完善，而且地方社会秩序的维持也得益于民众对《家礼》的遵奉，可以说礼学是构建与主导朝鲜政治、文化的核心要素。同时要看到的是，朝鲜是中国的藩属国，对中国礼教积极效仿，在政治与文化认同层面上也有其自身的态度。本文以为，礼学建构下的朝鲜王朝对华认同观可以从对中国与对自身认知两方面的情感角度来结合考察。一方面，从朝鲜对中国的认知态度考量，朝鲜遵明制、着明衣，对明代政权有着天然的服膺，但明清易代后，朝鲜在“中国中心主义”的概念上主观地将“中华”与“满清”两者分离开来。在政治上依旧认同前明制度，视满清为“蛮貊之邦”，在文化上独守先王法服，对清国文化不无鄙夷，这其中不乏有遵奉正统的高傲正义感，但又存在着对满清政权合法性的偏见。透过17世纪中叶至19世纪末朝鲜燕行使者在中国的实地经历与感受，不难发现文化与政治认同之间并非包含、并列而是动态递进、相互作用的关系，政治归属的渐行渐远加深了朝鲜在文化上对胡风满俗的偏见，而文化上的失落又助推了他们对满清蛮貊政治的鄙夷。更进一步地说，通过对《燕行录》的考察，可以看到在彼此的对望中，朝鲜对满清的文化与政治认同感在逐步递嬗。另一方面，从朝鲜自身角度来考量，《家礼》朝鲜化的进路又是反映朝鲜自身政治、文化体系构建并逐步完善以即朝鲜从“认同”走向“自我”的过程。透过《家礼》在朝鲜五百余年的传播史，不仅可以从文化角度阐释朝鲜礼学范式沿革与“声教”异变的进程，厘清朝鲜不同时期家礼之“通论”、“诸先生礼说”、“问答”、“补苴”、“常变”、“祝辞”、“礼式”、“家范”等书写形式的形成与特点，也可以从朝鲜前期国法体系的建构、朝鲜中期国法与家礼的分离、朝鲜后期法典的修订与士礼的多元性等三个方面考察朝鲜家礼与国法之间的关系，，藉此以说明《家礼》在朝鲜自身政治、法律体系的构建进程。本文透过礼学宰制下“他者”与“自我”间的对望和检视，借以勾绘李氏朝鲜的政治与文化认同在递嬗过程的复杂轮廓，以此为东亚政治与儒教文明的交流研究提供一个抛砖引玉的平台。
[Abstract]:The Korean Dynasty 1392-1910) was called a state of ritual, and the official books of the Korean era were voluminous, and the liturgical family continued one after another. What was different from the paradigm of Chinese propriety was that the entire state and political system of the Korean dynasty was based on the theory of rites. Not only has the etiquette system of the Korean royal family been perfected with the help of "Family Rites", but also the maintenance of local social order has benefited from the people's adherence to "Family Rites", which can be said to be the building and dominating of Korean politics. The core elements of culture. At the same time, it should be seen that North Korea is a subordinate state of China, actively imitating Chinese ethics, and has its own attitude on the level of political and cultural identity. The Korean dynasty's concept of identity to China under the construction of Rites can be viewed from two aspects of emotion: China and self-cognition. On the one hand, from the perspective of North Korea's cognitive attitude towards China, the DPRK obeys the Ming system, wears the Ming clothing, and has natural clothing for the Ming regime, but after the change of the Ming and Qing dynasties, North Korea has subjectively separated "China" from "Manchu" in the concept of "China-centrism". Politically, it still agrees with the pre-Ming system, regards the Manchu Qing as a "Meng-Mo state", and culturally abides by the imperial rule of law. There is no lack of disdain for the culture of the Qing Dynasty, which includes a sense of pride and justice in respect of orthodoxy, but also a prejudice against the legitimacy of the Manchu regime. Through the experience and feelings of Korean Yan operators in China on the ground from the middle of 17th century to the end of 19th century, It is not difficult to find that the relationship between culture and political identity is not included, but is a dynamic progressive and interactive relationship. The gradual development of political affiliation deepens the cultural prejudice of North Korea against Hu Fengman's vulgarity. Moreover, through the investigation of Yan Xing Lu, we can see that North Korea's cultural and political identity of Manchu Qing Dynasty is gradually changing in the hope of each other. On the other hand, from the point of view of the DPRK itself, the path of "family rites" toward North Korea is a reflection of North Korea's own politics. The construction and gradual improvement of the cultural system means the process of North Korea moving from "identity" to "self". Through the spread of "Family Rites" in North Korea for more than 500 years, Not only can we explain the evolution of Korean ritual paradigm and the process of "vocal teaching" from a cultural point of view. To clarify the formation and characteristics of the forms of writing such as "general theory", "Mr. Zhu Li's theory", "Q & A", "compensation", "Chang change", "wish speech", "ritual style", "family norm" and so on in different periods of Korea, can also be made from the construction of the state law system in the early stage of Korea. The separation of the state law and the family rites in the middle period of the DPRK, the revision of the code of law in the late period of the DPRK and the pluralism of the law of the people's Republic of Korea, etc., to examine the relationship between the family rites of Korea and the law of the state, in order to explain the process of constructing the political and legal system in the DPRK itself. This paper attempts to draw the complex outline of the political and cultural identity of Lee's North Korea in the process of evolution by examining and examining the relationship between the "other" and "self" under the system of propriety and propriety, in order to draw a picture of the complex outline of the political and cultural identity of Lee's North Korea. This provides a platform for the exchange of East Asian politics and Confucian civilization.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D091

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