游说管制体系的国际比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 02:25

本文关键词： 游说管制管制模式比较研究　出处：《华东师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 在当今所有的政治体系中游说已经成为民主政治过程的核心且合法的组成部分。尽管“游说”和“游说者”时常与负面含义联系在一起,但游说者们所做的这些工作却是必不可少的。这些政治行为主体介入政府系统的政策制定过程,并且向政治系统进行相应的反馈,从而有助于促进政策的输出。从利益诉求的范畴来看,游说集团包括了经济利益游说者(如企业)、职业利益游说者(如工会)以及公民社会利益游说者(如各种环境保护组织)。这些利益诉求集团可以通过许多诸如直接与政治官员进行沟通等方式对政治决策施加影响,事实上政府决策行为的背后不同程度上都有游说集团／利益集团的影子。然而随着政治腐败现象的愈演愈烈,人们开始要求游说活动的公开,甚至对游说活动进行适当的限制,因此,一些国家开始建立游说活动的管制体系。目前,世界上已经建立起游说者管制的国家／地区主要有美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、德国、欧盟、匈牙利、波兰、立陶宛、格鲁吉亚以及台湾。虽然已经有为数不少的学者对游说管制的发展进行了分析和研究,但这些研究大多只是集中在某一个国家／地区,其中绝大多数关注的对象都为美国,缺乏对这些游说管制体系进行广泛的比较分析,而这些比较分析能够让我们更好地理解不同国家的游说管制环境。本文的目的主要在于以下三方面：首先,本文将会通过对这10个国家／地区的游说管制体系进行具体的描述,从而能够在整体上对这些已经建立起的管制体系有较为充分的了解；其次,本文会通过数据实证的方法来理性地检验每个系统中游说管制力度的强弱,并且试图对这些管制体系进行分类,建立起三大游说管制模式；最后,本文希望通过对已经建立起的管制体系的分析研究,对我国游说管制框架的建立提出一点建议。本论文的结构由绪言、正文和总结三大部分组成。绪言部分主要是对本文选题的缘起和意义、研究现状以及研究方法进行阐述。正文部分共分为四章：第一章将对游说、游说者以及游说管制等概念以及游说管制的相关理论依据进行概述；第二章则主要对目前已经建立起游说管制体系的国家或地区进行深入的国别研究；本文的第三章将会在国别研究的基础上,运用美国公共廉政中心的CPI系统对这些管制体系的管制力度进行评估,从而对这些体系进行理论上的分类,并建立起三大游说管制模式——高度管制模式、中度管制模式以及低管制模式。本文第四章将针对中国的实际情况,结合目前的管制经验,对中国游说管制体系框架的建立提出一些自己的建议。最后的结论部分则全面总结和回顾所研究的内容基础。
[Abstract]:Lobbying has become a central and legitimate part of the democratic political process in all political systems today, although "lobbying" and "lobbyists" are often associated with negative connotations. But what lobbyists do is essential. These political actors get involved in the policymaking process of the government system and give feedback to the political system. Thus contributing to the export of policies. From the perspective of the scope of interest claims, Lobbyists include economic lobbyists (e.g. corporate lobbyists, professional lobbyists (e.g. trade unions) and civil society lobbyists (e.g. various environmental protection organizations). These interest groups can appeal through a number of such as direct. To influence political decisions by means of communication with political officials, As a matter of fact, there is a shadow of lobby groups / interest groups behind government decision-making. However, as political corruption intensifies, people begin to demand that lobbying activities be made public or even subject to appropriate restrictions. As a result, some countries began to establish a system of control of lobbying activities. At present, the major countries / territories in the world that have established lobbyist control are the United States, Canada, Australia, Germany, the European Union, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, Georgia and Taiwan. Although quite a number of scholars have analyzed and studied the development of lobbying regulation, most of these studies are concentrated in a certain country or region, the vast majority of which are focused on the United States. There is a lack of extensive comparative analysis of these lobbying regulatory systems, which will enable us to better understand the lobbying regulatory environment in different countries. First, this paper will give a detailed description of the lobbying control systems of these 10 countries and regions, so as to have a better understanding of these established regulatory systems as a whole; secondly, This paper will rationally test the intensity of lobbying regulation in each system through the method of data demonstration, and try to classify these control systems and establish three major lobbying control models. This paper hopes to put forward some suggestions on the establishment of China's lobbying regulatory framework through the analysis and study of the established regulatory system. The structure of this paper is composed of three parts: introduction, text and summary. The preface is mainly about the origin and significance of this topic, the research status and research methods. The text is divided into four chapters: the first chapter will lobby. The concepts of lobbyists and lobbyists, as well as the theoretical basis of lobbyist control, are summarized. The second chapter focuses on the in-depth country studies of countries or regions that have established a lobbying control system. The third chapter of this paper will use the CPI system of the American Center of Public Integrity to evaluate the degree of control of these control systems on the basis of country studies, so as to classify these systems in theory. Three major models of lobbying regulation, namely, high regulation model, moderate regulation model and low regulation mode, are established. Chapter 4th of this paper will focus on the actual situation in China and combine the current regulatory experience. Some suggestions are put forward for the establishment of the framework of China's lobbying control system. The final conclusion summarizes and reviews the content basis of the study.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D035

【参考文献】