当代西方社群主义正义观及其对我国构建和谐社会的启示

发布时间：2018-03-01 19:18

本文关键词： 社群主义正义观和谐社会启示　出处：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在新世纪新阶段,我国提出了构建社会主义和谐社会的伟大构想,正义在和谐社会中处于核心价值的地位。各种政治学说都是在人类历史进程中产生的,都有其合理性。在建设社会主义和谐社会的过程中,我们应该对于各种政治学说进行批判地借鉴。面对新自由主义理论导致的西方社会危机,社群主义提出了他们自己的正义观,这种社群主义正义观可以为我们建设和谐社会提供一些启示。本文包括导语和正文两大部分,正文又从五章进行了论述。文章导语中,分析了本文选题的背景和现实意义。在新自由主义正义理论主导下的西方社会,出现了许多危机。社群主义针对西方社会出现的危机,对新自由主义正义理论进行了批判,同时提出了自己的正义理论。在中国,我国提出要构建社会主义和谐社会,对于目前国内存在的一些不公平正义现象,如何去实现社会的公平正义对于构建社会主义和谐社会至关重要。当代社群主义正义理论对我国构建社会主义和谐社会有着现实意义。本文第一部分,文章首先从整体上对社群主义进行了概述,介绍了社群主义产生的历史过程及其主要代表人物。其次分析了社群主义正义观兴起的社会背景,在新自由主义正义理论主导下,社会中个人主义泛滥,社会道德缺失,国家中立使人们的积极权利受到侵害,这些公共危机成为社群主义正义理论正义兴起的社会背景。文章又分析了社群主义正义观兴起的理论理论渊源。古代亚里士多德关于社群的论述,关系美德正义的论述为社群主义提供了理论基础。近代黑格尔对自由主义的批判、对个人与社会的关系及个人与历史传统的关系的论述影响了社群主义。本文第二部分,文章首先分析了社群主义对新自由主义正义观的批判,主要批判了新自由主义正义观的个人主义观念和权利优先于善的观念。社群主义者提出了作为德性正义论和规则正义论,社群主义所说的正义,在实质上就是社群成员基于社会历史传统对社群公共利益产生的一种共识,包括社群的共同目标、共同价值规范、共同利益。在正义的原则问题上,麦金太尔坚持应得原则,沃尔泽主张不同的分配领域有不同的分配标准,要实现一种复合平等。米勒则坚持多元分配原则。本文第三部分,文章对当代社群主义正义观进行了反思,这种正义观既有合理性也有局限性。合理性在于社群主义对新自由主义正义理论进行了批判,坚持善优先于权利,并对对一些现实问题提出了新的解决方案。局限性在于社群主义的强国家观点有存在着可能性的缺陷,社群主义者没有为德性正义的执行提供现实操作。本文第四部分,文章分析了我国构建社会主义和谐社会面临的一些问题,在经济领域中表现为贫富差距扩大,在政治领域中表现为公民的合法权益得不到保障,在社会保障领域表现为社会弱势群体的基本生活需要得不到满足。本文第五部分,文章分析了社群主义正义观对我国构建社会主义和谐社会的启示。启示主要有以下几个方面：在道德上应该坚持公民美德建设,社会利益分配方面坚持多元正义原则和复合平等原则,在政治方面国家保障个人合法权利。
[Abstract]:In the new stage of the new century, China put forward the great concept of building a socialist harmonious society, justice is the core value of the position in the harmonious society. All kinds of political theories are produced in the process of human history, has its rationality. In the process of building a socialist harmonious society, we should be for a variety of political theory criticism reference. To the new liberalism theory of western social crisis, communitarianism puts forward their own view of justice, the communitarian view of justice can provide some enlightenment for our construction of a harmonious society.
This article includes two parts of the introduction and the text, and the text is discussed from the five chapters.
The introduction, analyzes the background and practical significance. In the new liberalism theory of justice under the auspices of the western society, there have been many crisis. The crisis of Communitarianism in western society, the new liberalism theory of justice is criticized, and put forward his theory of justice. In China, China proposes to the construction of socialist harmonious society, the current domestic some unfair justice phenomenon, how to realize social fairness and justice for building a socialist harmonious society is of vital importance. Contemporary Communitarianism theory has practical significance for building a socialist harmonious society in China.
The first part of this paper, firstly, from the overall overview of communitarianism, introduces the historical process of Communitarianism and its main representative. Secondly, analyzes the social background of the rise of the communitarian view of justice, in leading the new liberalism theory of justice, social individualism, social morality, the positive neutrality of state rights of people these are violated, the public crisis has become the rise of communitarianism theory of justice social background. The article analyzes the communitarian view of justice theory origin. The rise of the ancient theory of Aristotle for the community, discusses the relationship between virtue and justice provides a theoretical basis for modern communitarianism. Hagel's critique of Liberalism, the relationship of the relation between man and society and individuals with a history of traditional discourse influenced communitarianism.
In the second part, the article firstly analyzes the communitarianism critique of new liberalism justice view, the main criticism of the new liberalism justice view individualism and rights prior to the good idea. Communitarianists proposed as a virtue of justice and the rule of justice, "said the justice community, in essence, is the community a member of a social and historical tradition of community consensus based on the public interest, including the common goal of the community, the common interests of the common value standard, in principle. The question of justice, Macintyre insisted on the principle of desert, Walser advocated the distribution of different areas have different allocation criteria, to achieve a complex equality. Miller insisted on multiple distribution the principle.
In the third part, this article reflects on contemporary communitarian view of justice, the justice of both rationality and limitation. Communitarianism criticizes the rationality of the new liberalism theory of justice, adhere to good priority in the right, and on some practical problems put forward a new solution. The limitation lies in the strong communitarianism the national view has potential exists defects, communitarianism provides no practical operation for the implementation of the justice of virtue.
In the fourth part, this paper analyzes some problems in constructing a socialist harmonious society in our country, mainly in the economic field in the gap between the rich and the poor, in the political field for the citizen's legitimate rights and interests are not guaranteed, in the field of social security for social vulnerable groups are the basic living needs are not met.
In the fifth part, this paper analyzes the communitarian view of justice is to build a socialist harmonious society of our country enlightenment. Enlightenment mainly in the following aspects: the moral should insist on civic virtue construction, distribution of social interests to adhere to the principles of justice and equality principle of multivariate composite, in politics country to protect the legitimate rights of the individual.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D09

【参考文献】