从当代资本主义的四种对抗到新无产阶级——论齐泽克的革命主体论

发布时间：2018-03-13 19:02

本文选题：当代资本主义　切入点：新无产阶级　出处：《国外理论动态》2017年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：齐泽克的主体观继承了拉康的精神分析学。拉康认为,主体并非实体,而是否定性的空无。齐泽克的革命主体论将否定性的空无运用于激进政治领域,提出了资本主义的四种对抗,即资本主义的自身结构无法排除和克服四种矛盾:生态危机,知识产权的私有化,新科技伦理的冲击,由新的围墙和贫民窟居民等"被排除者"构成的新形式的隔离。这四种形式的对抗具有阻止资本主义无限再生产的能力,其中"被排除者"决定着前三种对抗的性质。从当代资本主义不可调和的对抗出发,齐泽克指出,"被排除者"就是当代资本主义的"否定性的空无",即解放政治的革命主体——新无产阶级。新无产阶级既包括外在自然、内在自然和象征秩序都被剥夺的"无实体的主体",也包括以贫民窟居民为代表的"被排除者"。贫民窟居民无所可失、处于国家管控之外、人数众多、被迫聚集的特点决定了其具有革命的潜能。新的阶级斗争将发生在"被排除者"与象征阶级之间。这种革命主体观富有新意,但也存在着难以自洽的理论缺失。
[Abstract]:Zizek's subjective view inherits Lacan's psychoanalysis. Lacan believes that the subject is not a entity, but a negative emptiness. Zizek's theory of revolutionary subject applies negation to the field of radical politics. Four kinds of confrontation of capitalism are put forward, that is, the structure of capitalism cannot eliminate and overcome four kinds of contradictions: ecological crisis, privatization of intellectual property rights, the impact of new science and technology ethics, A new form of isolation made up of new walls and "excluded people" such as slum dwellers. These four forms of confrontation have the capacity to prevent the infinite reproduction of capitalism. The "excluded" determines the nature of the first three confrontations. Starting from the irreconcilable confrontation of contemporary capitalism, Zizek pointed out that the "excluded" is the "negative emptiness" of contemporary capitalism, that is, the revolutionary subject of liberating politics, the new proletariat, which includes external nature. The "non-entity subject", which is deprived of both inherent natural and symbolic order, also includes the "excluded", represented by slum dwellers... slum dwellers have nothing to lose, are outside the control of the State and have a large number of people, The new class struggle will take place between the excluded and the symbolic class. This kind of revolutionary subjective concept is full of new ideas, but there is also a lack of self-consistent theory.
【作者单位】：东南大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2242014S20087)的成果
【分类号】：D04

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