论潘恩的权利观

发布时间：2018-03-14 02:48

本文选题：潘恩权利观　切入点：平等　出处：《中国政法大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： “认真对待权利”,是德沃金给予人们的有益真理,在18世纪欧美革命时期,有一位杰出的思想家同样以十分认真的态度,思考了人类普遍权利问题,为追求普遍人权发出了呐喊,其权利观给人们留下了十分深刻的印象,他就是潘恩。潘恩认真对待权利问题,与他所处的时代有着密切联系。他在英国痛苦的生活遭遇,以及君主制下人们不幸的生存状态,都促使他积极思考普遍人权问题。柏克对法国大革命人权原则的抨击,更加促使他决心对人权理论进行总结和梳理。启蒙思想尤其是启蒙理性的思维原则,给予了潘恩重要的思维启示,平等派自由理念、教友派道德教化也给予了潘恩丰富的思想养料。一部《人权论》呼之欲出,在权利观念史上闪耀着思想光芒。潘恩构筑了完整的权利观体系,他对权利概念做出了界定,划分了天赋权利与公民权利作为权利的两种不同形式;他的权利观体系包括了自由权、平等权、幸福权、人民主权等权利具体内容;民主平等的权利特征是他区别于柏克权利观的显著特点。潘恩权利观的特色在于提出了寻求权利实现的路径,要求权利理论的实践。建立代议制民主共和国的政体,是实现普遍人权的政制保障;实行社会福利计划,进行经济改革,是实现普遍人权的现实救济。潘恩的权利观求证于理论,探索于实践,顺乎于理性,顺势于时代,促动了人们权利意识的自觉,推动着革命时代权利话语的主题凸显,是极其宝贵的思想财富。作为那个时代的“公共人物”,潘恩的权利观对欧美世界产生了极其重要的影响。它引领了英国政治思想的革新,促进了英国激进民主思想的发展;促进了美国一种民主平等政治传统的形成,推动了普遍人权的扩展。毋庸质疑,潘恩的权利观是近代人权思想发展史上的重要一环,对近代人权的发展与进步有着举足轻重的作用。潘恩自觉地做出了那个时代最强烈的公共“呐喊”——对人权的追求,这种“公共呐喊”精神对于我们今天的社会仍有着重要的意义。考究潘恩的权利观,其权利理论无论对于潘恩的政治思想研究还是我们今天人权的探讨都是有着重要的理论价值,笔者深感这一思想研究
[Abstract]:"take rights seriously" is the beneficial truth that Dworkin gave people. In 18th century, during the revolution in Europe and America, an outstanding thinker also took a very serious attitude and thought about the issue of universal human rights. Calling out for the pursuit of universal human rights, his view of rights has left a very deep impression. He is Paine Paine, who takes the issue of rights seriously and has a close connection with his time. He has suffered from his painful life in England, And the unfortunate state of existence of the people under the monarchy has prompted him to think positively about universal human rights. Burke's attack on the principles of human rights in the French Revolution, He was even more determined to sum up and sort out the theory of human rights. The enlightenment thought, especially the rational thinking principle of enlightenment, gave Paine an important enlightenment of thinking, and the idea of egalitarian freedom. Quaker moral education has also given Paine rich ideological nourishment. A "Human Rights Theory" is ready to shine in the history of the concept of rights. Pan constructed a complete system of views of rights, he defined the concept of rights, divided the natural rights and civil rights as two different forms of rights, his system of views of rights includes the right to freedom, the right to equality, the right to happiness, the right to freedom, the right to equality, the right to happiness, the right to equality and the right to happiness. The specific content of people's sovereignty and other rights, the characteristic of democratic equality is the distinctive characteristic of Paine's view of right, the characteristic of Paine's view of right is that he puts forward the path of seeking the realization of right. The establishment of a representative democratic republic is the constitutional guarantee for the realization of universal human rights, the implementation of social welfare programmes and economic reform, Paine's view of rights is based on theory, exploration and practice, is in accordance with reason and times, promotes the consciousness of people's right consciousness, and promotes the theme of right discourse in the revolutionary era. Is an extremely valuable wealth of thought. As a "public figure" of that era, Paine's view of right had an extremely important influence on the European and American world. It led the reform of British political thought and promoted the development of British radical democratic thought. It has promoted the formation of a democratic and equal political tradition in the United States and promoted the expansion of universal human rights. No doubt, Paine's concept of rights is an important link in the history of the development of human rights thought in modern times. It plays an important role in the development and progress of human rights in modern times. Pan consciously made the strongest public "cry" of his time-the pursuit of human rights, which is still of great significance to our society today. The theory of his rights has important theoretical value for Paine's political thought research and our human rights discussion today. The author deeply feels about this thought research.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D08

【相似文献】