周初殷鉴思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 07:22

本文选题：周初　切入点：殷鉴思想　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：殷鉴思想是指西周初期的统治者在全面反思总结三代兴亡的历史,深入的探究殷亡周兴的原因的基础上,结合周初的政治社会现实提出的政治思想主张。殷鉴思想的提出是为了避免重蹈夏商灭亡的覆辙,实现周王朝的长治久安。殷鉴思想是中国古代政治思想中历史理性与政治理性结合的思想根源,对中国传统政治有着深远的影响。殷鉴思想是西周初期的统治者为了维护统治稳固,对商王朝灭亡的历史教训的总结并提醒西周的统治者引以为鉴的思想,对中国传统的政治治理提供了思想基础,增强了政治治理的理性化。殷鉴思想形成于西周初期。殷商王朝逐渐走向没落,与此同时,西周逐渐兴起,并通过牧野之战,推翻了商的统治。西周建立初期,兴起了“三监之乱”,周公进行东征,平定叛乱。成王继位初期,政治统治面临内忧外患,在这种背景下,统治者对于西周的政治统治有着深深的担忧,以周公为代表的统治者对夏商周三代的王朝兴亡进行了政治总结,对王朝更迭的历史事实进行了深刻的反思和借鉴。殷鉴思想对于殷商时期“帝”至上的思想有了实质性的突破,通过思考殷周兴败的史实,武王产生了天命不常的思想,这是殷鉴思想中天命观的初步发展。周公着重于对殷商亡国进行了思考,分析了殷商灭亡的原因,并指出西周以后的统治者应该对此引以为鉴,形成了系统的殷鉴思想。殷鉴思想的形成,是中国政治思想中历史理性与政治理性的结合的源头。西周初期的统治者,在殷鉴思想的主要内容中,首先分析了三代天命转移的原因,认为是夏商的统治者失去了得以天命的德,所以才受到了上天降下的惩罚失去了天命,并在此基础上提出了以德配天的天命观。周公认为,获得天命的依据在于君主是否具有良好的政治德行,这样就形成了以德配天的政治路线,把德融入政治统治,认为德是政治统治的基础,是政治权力来源合法性的依据。其次,殷鉴思想对夏商周三代兴亡的规律进行了探析,并对夏商末期王朝走向灭亡的原因进行了总结:夏殷无德,天降罚命,乱法度,失民心等,并对商周兴起的原因进行了分析。在三代兴亡的规律的探析下,周公总结并提出了以敬德保民为核心的德性政治观,包括了重农保民,明德慎罚等主要内容。最后,周公对夏商周三代国家治理的经验进行了总结并提出了为政以德的施政方略。从以德配天出发,形成了敬德保民的政治路线,将敬德,慎罚,保民紧密的结合。在总结国家治理经验的过程中,周公还认为要想统治长久,统治者必须能够任人唯贤,具有良好的个人品德,戒酒、勤政,并对百姓进行道德教化,这样才能避免重蹈夏商的覆辙。殷鉴思想的形成产生了深远的影响。在周公之后的成王、康王统治期间,形成了“成康之治”的盛世。在春秋时期,孔子和孟子对殷鉴思想中的德性政治观进行了发展。殷鉴思想对中国传统政治范式也有着深远的影响。中国传统政治范式中,史鉴思想一直是统治者吸取前朝经验教训更好的进行统治的有效方法,这种传统源于殷鉴思想,德治和民本思想是中国传统政治范式中的核心内容,道德教化也是统治者维护统治极为有效的方法,受殷鉴思想的影响,中国传统政治范式中,一直存在着刑德并重教化为先的传统,而且极为重视敬德保民的传统。这些政治思想和政治措施的形成与发展深受殷鉴思想的影响。殷鉴思想作为历史理性与政治理性结合的思想根源,对西周时期的政治统治及中国传统政治治理都有着深远的影响,值得认真的总结研究。
[Abstract]:The lesson of thought refers to the early Western Zhou Dynasty rulers in the comprehensive reflection summary of three generations of the rise and fall of history, based on in-depth study of Yin Wangzhou Xing on the combination of political ideas at the beginning of the week political and social reality is put forward. Historical thought is proposed in order to avoid repeating the mistakes of the demise of Xia and Shang, Zhou Dynasty. The historical thought of long period of stability is a combination of historical reason and the political reason of the ideological roots Chinese ancient political thought, has a profound impact on the traditional political lesson. China thought is the early Western Zhou Dynasty rulers in order to maintain the rule of stability, the lessons of history towards the king's death and remind the Western Zhou Dynasty rulers take up the idea, provides the foundation of Ideological and political governance the traditional Chinese, enhance the rational political governance. Historical thoughts formed in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty gradually decline, at the same time, the Western Zhou Dynasty Gradually on the rise, and the battle of Makino, overthrew the rule of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Taking the early establishment, the rise of the "three prison rebellion", the Duke of a crusade against the rebellion. King was the early political rule facing domestic trouble and foreign invasion, in this context, the rulers have a deep concern for the Western Zhou Dynasty's political rule, to the Duke as the representative of the rulers of the Shang Dynasty and the generation of the Wednesday political summary of dynastic change of historical facts and learn from the profound reflection. Historical thought for the Shang Dynasty "emperor" first thoughts have a substantive breakthrough, by thinking of yin and Zhou Xing defeated the king had destiny not historical facts. This is often thought, historical thought the initial development of Zhongtian's view of life. The emphasis on the subjugation of thought, analyzes the causes of the death, and pointed out that after the Western Zhou Dynasty rulers should use this form. The system of historical thought. The formation of historical thought, is the source of political thought with China historical reason and the political reason. The rulers in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the main content of historical thought, first analyzes the cause of the three generation of destiny transfer, that is the ruler of the Xia and Shang lost to the fate of the German, so is the heaven of punishment has lost the destiny, and based on the concept of heaven. The Duke de Scbd that won the fate of the monarch is a good basis lies in the political virtue, so as to form the distribution of virtue political line, put into the German political rule, that is the basis of German political rule that is the source of the legitimacy of the political power according to law. Secondly, historical thoughts of Xia and Shang Wednesday on the rise and fall of generation, and the end of the demise of the Xia and Shang Dynasty reasons are summarized: Xia Yin without virtue, The day of punishment life, chaos testimonies, lost people, and the rise of Shang and Zhou are analyzed. In the three generation of the rise and fall of the law, the Duke of Zhou summarized and put forward to King Tak as the core of the virtue of political views, including agriculture and protecting the people, the main content of Ming Shen punishment. Finally, the experience of Xiashang Wednesday the generation of national governance are summarized and put forward the policy for the government in Germany. From the distribution of virtue of the formation of the political line of the King Tak, Jingde, Shen Bao min penalty, closely. In the process of summing up the experience of national governance, Zhou also believes that in order to rule for a long time, the rulers must be able to merit, have good personal qualities, abstinence, diligent, and moral education to the people, so as to avoid repeating mistakes. Xiashang exerted a profound impact on the formation of error thought. In the King Zhou after the reign of montevideo, The formation of the "Sung Kang rule" of the spirit. In the spring and Autumn period, Confucius and Mencius of political lesson in Ideological and moral concept of development. Historical thought also has a far-reaching influence on the traditional political China paradigm. China traditional political paradigm, Shi Jian thought has always been the rulers draw lessons before toward better carry out effective methods rule, this derives from the traditional historical thought, morality and thought of the people is the core content of Chinese traditional political paradigm, moral education is also the ruler to maintain the rule of very effective method, influenced by the historical thought, Chinese traditional political paradigm, there has been a penalty for the first German Enlightenment and tradition, and for the attention of King Tak tradition. Influence of the formation and development of the political thoughts and measures by historical thought. Historical thought as the ideological roots with the historical reason and the political reason It has a profound influence on the political rule of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Chinese traditional political governance. It is worthy of a serious summary and study.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D092

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