马克思的阶级理论难题与新中产阶级理论

发布时间：2018-03-16 08:55

本文选题：阶级结构　切入点：阶级构成　出处：《苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在马克思的著作中关于阶级问题有两种理论范式,第一种范式是"阶级结构"的理论范式,第二种范式是"阶级构成"的理论范式。第一种范式是建立在政治经济学批判的基础上;第二种范式则是基于具体的社会历史分析。由于阶级结构理论范式过于抽象,与现实社会中的阶级构成之间存在较大的差异,因此,阶级结构与阶级构成的理论范式之间存在矛盾。这对矛盾成为后来的无产阶级政党在具体应用《资本论》等政治经济学理论指导革命实践需要解决的重大问题。在第二国际内部,考茨基坚持马克思的"阶级结构论",但他的这种阶级理论不利于吸引不断增长的中产阶级,于是社会民主党内就有了"修正"马克思的阶级理论并发展出中产阶级理论的现实要求。伯恩斯坦代表了党内的这种思潮,他从马克思的"阶级结构论"转向了对中产阶级具体"阶级构成"的关注,并在此基础上"修正"了马克思的阶级理论及其无产阶级革命策略。
[Abstract]:In Marx's works, there are two theoretical paradigms on class issues. The first is the theoretical paradigm of "class structure." The second is the theoretical paradigm of "class composition", the first is based on critique of political economy, and the second is based on concrete social and historical analysis. There is a big difference between the class composition in the real society, therefore, There is a contradiction between the class structure and the theoretical paradigm of class composition, which has become a major problem to be solved by the later proletarian political parties in guiding the revolutionary practice by applying the theory of political economy such as Capital. Within the second International, Kautsky insisted on Marx's "class structure theory," but his class theory was not conducive to attracting the growing middle class. So the Social Democratic Party had the realistic requirement to "revise" Marx's class theory and develop the middle-class theory. Bernstein represented this kind of ideological trend in the Party. He shifted his attention from Marx's "class structure theory" to the "class constitution" of the middle class, and on this basis "revised" Marx's class theory and its proletarian revolutionary strategy.
【作者单位】：南京大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社科基金项目“历史唯物主义的哲学经济学理论范式研究”(项目编号:10YZC710055)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：A811;D013

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