代表的类型：规范与概念化方法的当代争论

发布时间：2018-03-17 15:45

本文选题：代表　切入点：代表类型　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从霍布斯提出代表概念解决公民授权问题开始，越来越多的西方政治理论家关注政治代表问题。十八世纪，由伯克所确立的“委任代表”和“独立代表”二元分析框架长期引领着代表观念的争论，代表与被代表者的关系由此成为代表理论争论的焦点。在当代政治学界，皮特金是首位全面、系统研究代表概念的政治学者，结合语义分析和政治思想的历史研究方法，她从形式和实质两个范畴说明代表的不同形式与意义。曼斯布里奇则提出“约定代表制”、“预期代表制”、“陀螺代表制”和“代理代表制”四种代表类型，逐一分析每一种代表制下的权力关系、协商模式和规范标准。雷菲尔德批评曼斯布里奇的概念把代表的分析引向另一种复杂的境地，他则从“代表的目标”、“判断的来源”和“代表的回应性”三个方面入手，试图建立更普遍的分析框架。在方法层面，曼斯布里奇与雷菲尔德存在三点分歧：首先，关于指导概念设计的标准问题，曼斯布里奇认为代表的概念应考虑它在特殊背景下的有效性，雷菲尔德认为它不应受制于经验实例；其次，就如何将诸多政治代表类型中的本质予以概念化问题，曼斯布里奇认为代表是一个关系概念，要兼顾反映代表与代表者的关系，而雷菲尔德偏向于从分析代表特征入手；第三，，曼斯布里奇尝试为代表引入实质性观点，雷菲尔德侧重于对代表关系特征的厘清，倡导代表研究应向西式民主以外拓展。曼斯布里奇和雷菲尔德对政治代表的争论集中展示了当代政治代表理论中的诸多问题，他们之间的争议对探讨传统代表模式之外的代表理论有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Since Hobbes put forward the concept of representation to solve the problem of citizen empowerment, more and more western political theorists have paid attention to the issue of political representation. In 18th century, The dual analytical framework of "appointed Representative" and "Independent Representative", established by Burke, has long led the debate on the concept of Representative, and the relationship between Representative and Representative has thus become the focus of debate on Representative Theory. Pitkin is the first political scholar to study the concept of representation in a comprehensive and systematic way, combining semantic analysis with a historical approach to political thought. She explains the different forms and meanings of representation from two aspects of form and substance, while Mensbridge puts forward four representative types: "contract representation", "expected representation", "gyro representation" and "agency representation". Analysis of power relations, negotiation models and normative standards under each system of representation. Redfield's criticism of Mansbridge's concept leads the analysis of delegates to another complex situation. He tries to build a more general analytical framework from the three aspects of "representative goals", "sources of judgment" and "representational responsiveness". At the methodological level, there are three differences between Mansbridge and Reyfield: first, With regard to the criteria for guiding conceptual design, Mansbridge believes that the concept of representation should consider its effectiveness in a particular context, and that it should not be subject to empirical examples; secondly, As to how to conceptualize the essence of many types of political representation, Mansbridge thinks that representation is a concept of relationship, which should reflect the relationship between representative and representative, while Reyfield prefers to analyze the characteristics of representative; third, Mansbridge tries to introduce the substantive point of view for the representative, Reyfield emphasizes on clarifying the characteristics of the representative relationship, and advocates that the representative research should be expanded beyond the western democracy. The controversy between Mansbridge and Reyfield on political representation shows a lot of problems in the theory of political representation. The controversy between them is of great significance to the discussion of representative theory beyond the traditional representation model.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D091

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