中主抑或圣人——以人格与位格为中心维度的韩非君主理论

发布时间：2018-03-17 18:47

本文选题：韩非　切入点：君主理论　出处：《环球法律评论》2013年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：权力的构成及运作方式是政法理论的核心命题之一。在以君主统治样态存在的政制关系中,作为权力系统的承载者与运作者的君主,是不同政法维度的关系的连接者。本文以韩非的君主权力及其运作方式为切入点,围绕君主得以集权独断的理论基础,分析韩非以君主独治为目标的制度设计中各种规范的具体应对,从君臣之维、君民之维、君国之维、君法之维及君主的人格与位格之维等不同角度揭示其君主理论的内在对应;法要求君主的公正开明与术要求君主的诡谲莫测之间形成了巨大的张力,两者对于君主的形象是互相排斥的,两者的统一只能在于圣人一身,即以反制度的术达成制度化的法,而因君主不受法的约束且高居于法之上,在法与术的运用中,君主不能保证法的公开性与明确性不受术的破坏,法的规则之治屈从于君主的权力权威。经由法术势的结合达到的君主独治状态,基于势而形成的中主之治与运用法术所要求的圣人之治的偏差,不但在君法维度,而且在君主的人格与位格维度上出现了难以调和的冲突。此种冲突使其理论未能在实践中达到其预设的"明主之国"的明主之治,"至治之国"与"至安之世"无从实现。在此基础上进一步探讨君国层面上的政权存续问题,韩非在应对封建之天下与大一统之专制这两个面相的国家时所产生的内在冲突,更彰显了其理论的时代意义。
[Abstract]:The constitution and mode of operation of power is one of the core propositions in the theory of political law. In the political relations which exist in the form of monarchy, the monarch, as the bearer and operator of the power system, is the monarch. Based on Han Fei's sovereign power and its operation mode, this paper focuses on the theoretical basis of the monarch's centralization and arbitrariness. This paper analyzes the concrete responses of various norms in Han Fei's system design aiming at the monarch's sole rule, and reveals the internal correspondence of his monarch's theory from different angles, such as the monarch's, the people's, the monarch's, the monarch's law, the monarch's personality and the monarch's position. There is a great tension between the justice and openness of the monarch and the inscrutability of the monarch required by the law. They are mutually exclusive to the image of the monarch. The unity of the two can only be attributed to a sage, that is, to reach an institutionalized law by the technique of anti-institution. Because the monarch is not bound by the law and lives above the law, the monarch cannot guarantee that the openness and clarity of the law will not be destroyed by the art in the application of the law and the art. The rule of law is subservient to the authority of the monarch. The state of monarchy achieved by the combination of magic power and the deviation between the rule of the lord based on the power and the rule of sage required by the use of magic are not only in the dimension of monarchical law, Moreover, there is an irreconcilable conflict in the dimension of the monarch's personality and position, which makes its theory fail to achieve its presupposition of "the state of the lord" in practice, the rule of "the kingdom of the lord", the "state of rule" and the "world of peace". On the basis of this, the question of the survival of political power at the level of the monarch is further discussed. Han Fei's internal conflict in dealing with the feudal world and the monolithic despotism of the two countries revealed the significance of his theory.
【作者单位】：中南大学法学院;
【分类号】：D092;B226.5

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