公共政策执行监督的制约因素及其解决对策研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 17:08

本文选题：公共政策执行　切入点：公共政策执行监督　出处：《湘潭大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公共政策是各级行政机构管理国家和社会公共事务的主要手段,公共政策的本质是社会资源的一种再分配。公共政策的过程是一个动态的阶段性过程,包括公共政策方案的制定、执行和评估等若干逻辑阶段,其中公共政策的执行环节作为公共政策主体将政策方案付诸实施的实践过程,是各级行政机构公共管理活动的中心环节,是实现政策目标最直接、最重要的活动,从根本上决定了公共政策问题的解决、公共政策方案的实现及其实现程度和范围。此外,在公共政策的实施过程中,由于受公共政策执行主体自身“经济人”的属性及外部执行条件和环境等客观因素的制约和影响,很多情况下公共政策实施的效果都难以达到预期的目标,甚至会严重偏离既定目标价值。为此,加强对公共政策执行的监督是保证公共政策顺利执行、政策目标价值最大化、政策利益普及化及减弱政策执行主体“经济人”属性的制约所不可或缺的重要环节。目前,公共政策执行监督在政策实施过程中的地位还比较薄弱,作用还不是很明显,但问题却比较突出。第一,就主观方面而言,受传统官僚制思想和自身利益最大化的价值取向的影响,公共政策执行主体的抵触情绪还比较强烈；公共政策执行监督主体和执行主体身份基本一致,进一步削弱公共政策执行监督的影响力度；公共政策执行监督外部主体(主要包括第三部门、利益集团、人民群众和新闻传媒等)监督意识缺乏,监督水平和能力有相当的主观局限性。第二,就客观方面而言,公共政策执行监督的体制机制不健全,缺乏有效的监督渠道和途径；公共政策执行的绩效评估体系不完善；公共政策执行监督的法制建设相对滞后；公共政策执行监督的透明度不高、宣传力度不够、监督氛围不浓。有鉴于此,为有效解决上述存在的问题,需要从公共政策监督主体、监督体制、法律法规、测评体系和环境建设等五个方面着手行动。本文共分为四个部分。第一部分阐明了选题背景与意义,综述了国内外对公共政策执行监督的研究,明确了基本研究方法和研究思路。第二部分梳理了公共政策执行监督相关理论的研究。第三部分解析了公共政策执行监督的制约因素。本部分从监督主体、监督制度和测评体系三个视角分析制约公共政策执行监督的主要因素。最后一部分从监督主体、监督体制、法律法规、测评体系和环境建设等五个方面探索制约公共政策执行监督的治理对策。
[Abstract]:Public policy is the main means for administrative organs at all levels to manage state and social public affairs. The essence of public policy is a redistribution of social resources. The process of public policy is a dynamic and phased process. It includes several logical stages, such as the formulation, implementation and evaluation of public policy programs, in which the implementation of public policies is the practical process in which the public policy programs are put into practice as the main body of public policies. It is the central link in the public management activities of administrative organs at all levels, and the most direct and important activity to achieve the policy objectives, which fundamentally determines the solution of public policy problems, the realization of public policy programs and the extent and scope of their realization. In the process of implementing public policy, it is restricted and influenced by the attribute of "economic person" of the main body of public policy implementation and the external execution condition and environment, etc. In many cases, the effect of public policy implementation is difficult to achieve the expected goal, and even seriously deviates from the established target value. Therefore, to strengthen the supervision of public policy implementation is to ensure the smooth implementation of public policy and maximize the value of policy objectives. The popularization of policy interests and the weakening of the restriction of the attribute of "economic man" as the main body of policy execution are indispensable important links. At present, the status of public policy execution and supervision in the process of policy implementation is still relatively weak, the role is not very obvious, but the problem is quite prominent. First, in terms of subjective aspects, Under the influence of the traditional bureaucratic thought and the value orientation of maximizing their own interests, the resistance of the public policy executive subject is still quite strong, and the identity of the public policy execution supervision subject and the executive main body is basically the same. To further weaken the influence of public policy implementation and supervision, and the lack of supervision consciousness of the external subjects (mainly the third sector, interest groups, the people and the news media, etc.), Secondly, objectively speaking, the institutional mechanism of public policy implementation and supervision is not perfect, lacking effective supervision channels and channels, and the performance evaluation system of public policy implementation is not perfect. The legal system construction of public policy execution and supervision is relatively lagging behind, the transparency of public policy execution supervision is not high, the propaganda is not enough, and the supervision atmosphere is not strong. In view of this, in order to solve the above problems effectively, we need to solve the problems mentioned above from the main body of public policy supervision. Supervision system, laws and regulations, evaluation system and environmental construction. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part clarifies the background and significance of the topic, summarizes the domestic and foreign research on the public policy implementation supervision. It clarifies the basic research methods and research ideas. The second part combs the research on the relevant theories of public policy implementation supervision. The third part analyzes the restrictive factors of public policy implementation supervision. This paper analyzes the main factors restricting the implementation and supervision of public policy from three perspectives: supervision system and evaluation system. The last part analyzes the main body of supervision, supervision system, laws and regulations, The evaluation system and environmental construction explore the governance countermeasures that restrict the implementation and supervision of public policy.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D035

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