孙中山主观社会主义思想论析

发布时间：2018-03-20 09:01

本文选题：孙中山　切入点：主观社会主义　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：孙中山是中国民主革命的伟大先行者,他的主观社会主义思想不仅为中国近代革命事业做出了巨大的历史贡献,也为当代中国特色社会主义事业的建设提供了一定的理论借鉴。因此,在不同的历史时期,孙中山的主观社会主义思想都具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。孙中山的主观社会主义思想是时代的产物。19世纪末20世纪初,欧美工人运动的兴起、社会主义学说的传播、无产阶级政党的发展是孙中山主观社会主义思想产生的国际背景。甲午中日战争结束后,民族意识的觉醒、救亡图存思想的发展是孙中山主观社会主义思想产生的国内背景。孙中山的主观社会主义思想是在批判和借鉴社会主义思潮、中国古代的思想文化和西方小资产阶级经济学说的基础上形成的。孙中山在从事革命活动的过程中萌生了主观社会主义思想,这一思想伴随着他的革命实践不断演变和发展。孙中山的主观社会主义思想揭露了西方资本主义社会的阶级矛盾和政治腐败,设想了一个自由、平等、博爱的理想社会,通过政治革命和社会革命毕其功于一役,通过振兴实业、平均地权和节制资本等途径最终实现社会主义。孙中山和马克思都不满现实,渴望建设理想社会,孙中山的主观社会主义思想与马克思的科学社会主义思想都主张生产资料公有制,但是由于哲学基础和实施方案的不同,我们必须将其与马克思的科学社会主义思想进行区分。从历史上看,孙中山的主观社会主义思想对于社会主义在中国的传播、民主革命的发展和社会的进步起到了一定的推动作用。对当今社会而言,孙中山的主观社会主义思想也为建设中国特色社会主义提供了参考价值。由于当时社会条件的限制和自身阶级的局限,孙中山的主观社会主义思想也存在不足之处,他把科学社会主义同无政府主义和中国大同等传统思想相混淆,未能把握马克思"两个发现"的精髓,他的主观社会主义思想还停留在资产阶级政治思想的范畴。
[Abstract]:Sun Zhongshan is a great pioneer of China's democratic revolution. His subjective socialist thought has not only made great historical contributions to the cause of modern Chinese revolution, It also provides some theoretical reference for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, in different historical periods, Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought has important theoretical value and practical significance. Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought is the product of the times. At the end of the 19th century, at the beginning of 20th century, the rise of the workers' movement in Europe and the United States, the spread of socialist theory, The development of proletarian political party is the international background of Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought. The development of the thought of saving the nation from the dead is the domestic background of the emergence of Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought. Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought is criticizing and drawing lessons from the socialist trend of thought. Formed on the basis of ancient Chinese ideology and western petty-bourgeois economic theory. Sun Zhongshan initiated the subjective socialist thought in the course of his revolutionary activities. This thought was accompanied by the continuous evolution and development of his revolutionary practice. Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought exposed class contradictions and political corruption in western capitalist societies and envisioned an ideal society of freedom, equality and fraternity. Through political and social revolutions, we can achieve socialism through the means of revitalizing industries, averaging land rights and controlling capital. Both Sun Zhongshan and Marx are dissatisfied with reality and are eager to build an ideal society. Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought and Marx's scientific socialist thought both advocate public ownership of the means of production, but due to differences in philosophical basis and implementation plan, We must distinguish it from Marx's scientific socialist thought. Historically, Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist ideology has spread socialism in China. The development of democratic revolution and social progress have played a certain role in promoting. Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought also provides a reference value for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Due to the limitations of social conditions and the limitations of his own class at that time, Sun Zhongshan's subjective socialist thought also has shortcomings. He confused scientific socialism with traditional thoughts such as anarchism and Chinese Datong, failed to grasp the essence of Marx's "two discoveries", and his subjective socialist thought remained in the category of bourgeois political thought.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D092

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