朱熹的德治思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 06:13

本文选题：朱熹　切入点：天理　出处：《华侨大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：针对南宋政局所面临的内忧外患交炽,民族危机重重的现状,朱熹多次上疏皇帝,提出了以天理观为核心,德治思想为基本内涵的一系列政治主张和治国理论,希冀建立一个上下秩序稳定,整体社会和谐的国家。他以天理为最高准绳,由强调理欲之间的对峙及确立理的优先性出发,把德治理念扩大到宇宙万物的普遍性加以说明,并以人性论为基础架起了沟通“理”与“礼”之间的桥梁。通过理与礼之间的沟通,朱熹确认了道德原则与人在生活世界中的具体存在之间的联系,并通过行为上的自觉践履进一步高扬和深化了原始儒家的道德理性精神,确立了一个理一分殊的本体论体系。因此,他认为君主的修德示范是治理天下的前提,关键是提高官吏的道德修养,而出发点和最终归宿是恤民,只有通过兴学校、崇教化、提高整个社会的道德水准,才能实现国家的长治久安。其政治实践的起点建基于对仁义优先的价值判断,要求通过克己复礼的求仁工夫达成一种以人性修养为根本的教化政治,其德治思想的实现也是与为政者的自身内在修养密切相关的。实质上,朱熹的德治思想是将当时现实问题提升到本体论的角度进行研究的结果,其目的在于合理地处理君和臣民之间的关系,以纠正当时的政治弊端。朱熹德治思想的根本目的在于将伦理道德运用于政治领域,使道德的内在约束力作为规范君主行为、治理国家社稷、管理庶民百姓的主要手段,从而实现道德教化的政治功能。中国古代的政治、经济、法律及文化教育的发展深深地打上了德治思想的烙印,德治作为政治与道德的传统思维模式,深深地积淀于中华民族的心灵之中。开展朱熹德治思想的研究,对我们更深入地理解自身民族的文化性格和中国历史发展的特征、规律,具有重要作用。
[Abstract]:In view of the current situation in which the political situation of the Southern Song Dynasty is full of internal and external troubles and national crises, Zhu Xi has repeatedly put forward a series of political opinions and theories of governing the country with the view of heaven as the core and the thought of rule of virtue as the basic connotation. Desiring to establish a country with stable order and harmonious society as a whole, he based on the principle of heaven as the highest criterion, from emphasizing the confrontation between reason and desire and establishing the priority of reason, he expanded the idea of rule by virtue to the universality of all things in the universe. On the basis of the theory of human nature, Zhu Xi established a bridge between "reason" and "propriety". Through the communication between reason and ceremony, Zhu Xi confirmed the connection between moral principles and the concrete existence of human beings in the world of life. Through the conscious practice of behavior, he further exalts and deepens the moral rational spirit of the primitive Confucianism, and establishes an ontological system with a difference in reason. Therefore, he thinks that the monarch's moral example is the prerequisite for governing the world. The key is to improve the moral cultivation of government officials, and the starting point and ultimate goal is to be compassionate to the people. Only through the promotion of schools and education can the moral standards of the whole society be raised. The starting point of its political practice is based on the value judgment of giving priority to benevolence and righteousness, and requires a kind of civilized politics based on the cultivation of human nature. The realization of his thought of ruling by virtue is also closely related to the inner cultivation of those who are in power. In essence, Zhu Xi's thought of ruling by virtue is the result of the study of raising the practical problems of that time to the perspective of ontology. The aim is to reasonably deal with the relationship between the monarch and the subjects in order to correct the political malpractice at that time. The fundamental purpose of Zhu Xi's thought of rule of virtue is to apply ethics and morality to the political field and to make the internal binding force of morality as the norm of monarchy behavior. The main means of governing the country and the common people are to realize the political function of moral education. The development of politics, economy, law, culture and education in ancient China has been deeply branded by the idea of rule by virtue. As a traditional mode of thinking in politics and morality, the rule of virtue is deeply embedded in the mind of the Chinese nation. By carrying out the study of Zhu Xi's thought of rule of virtue, we can have a deeper understanding of the cultural character of our own nation and the characteristics and laws of the development of Chinese history. Play an important role.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D092

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