麦金泰尔的社群主义国家观研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 13:04

本文选题：国家观　切入点：社群　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：柏拉图认为:政治哲学是一门对国家理念进行认识和把握的学科(1)。西方社会固有的弊端和无法调和的矛盾为社群主义国家观研究的崛起提供了条件。个人主义思想在自由主义风行的社会大背景下逐渐开始泛滥,个体价值本位致使西方现代政治逐渐陷入窘境,自由主义的实践面临多重困难。社群主义作为自由主义极端发展的产物,一直致力于批判自由主义崇尚的个体价值本位、权利优先于善等理论基点,而主要的政治社群的代表就是国家,国家观自然而然也成为社群主义批判的重要内容。社群主义根据现实需要与时俱进地提出“强国家”的观点,倡导应该关注国家的积极作用,应相信国家是善的,借助国家的积极作为来增进公民的权益。美国当代哲学家、伦理学家阿拉斯戴尔·麦金太尔以其“宽广的道德视野和深沉的历史眼光”为当代西方伦理危机的探讨提供了独特的视角和空间,从德性和社会实践的联系出发,重建德性伦理,秉承古典共和主义传统,强调政治参与对参与者自身具有内在价值。虽然他并没有直接讨论不同于西方传统的道德共同体的具体问题,但他的工作也为探索当下中国社会现代性发展问题提供了丰富的思想资源。第一部分绪论,简要介绍选择麦金泰尔国家观理论研究为题的背景、国内外研究现状说明、研究方法和具体的研究目的;第二部分论述麦金泰尔国家观提出的社会背景和理论背景,着重论述整体主义国家观的演变以及社群主义理论的发展历程;第三部分从共同体理论视角阐述其国家观的主要内容,国家是一种重要的政治社群,从国家职能和成员资格两方面论述;最后对麦金泰尔国家观思想进行反思和评价,在探讨其合理性和局限性的基础上思考对我国政治文化发展的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Plato holds that political philosophy is a discipline that understands and grasps the concept of state. The inherent malpractice and irreconcilable contradictions in western society provide the conditions for the rise of the study of communitarianism. Trying to start flooding against the backdrop of a liberal society, The individual value standard has caused the western modern politics to get into a dilemma gradually, and the practice of liberalism is faced with many difficulties. As a product of the extreme development of liberalism, communitarianism has been devoted to criticizing the individual value standard advocated by liberalism. Right takes precedence over good and so on, and the main political community is the state, which naturally becomes an important part of communitarianism criticism. Communitarianism puts forward the viewpoint of "strong state" according to the needs of reality. Advocates should pay attention to the positive role of the state, should believe that the state is good, with the help of the positive action of the state to promote the rights and interests of citizens. Ethicist Alastair MacIntyre, with his "broad moral vision and deep historical vision," provides a unique perspective and space for the discussion of contemporary Western ethical crises, starting from the connection between virtue and social practice. Reconstructing moral ethics, adhering to the tradition of classical republicanism and emphasizing the intrinsic value of political participation to the participants themselves, although he did not directly discuss the specific problems of the moral community different from those of the western tradition, However, his work also provides abundant ideological resources for exploring the development of modernity in Chinese society. The first part is an introduction, which briefly introduces the background of choosing MacIntyre's theory of view of state as the topic, and explains the present situation of the research at home and abroad. The second part discusses the social and theoretical background of MacIntyre's concept of state, focusing on the evolution of the holistic view of the state and the development of communitarianism theory. The third part expounds the main contents of the state view from the perspective of community theory, the state is an important political community, from the two aspects of state function and membership, and finally reflects on and evaluates the thought of Macintyre's concept of state. On the basis of discussing its rationality and limitation, the paper discusses the significance of reference to the development of Chinese political culture.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D032

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