西方古代政体学说的终结

发布时间：2018-03-21 21:46

本文选题：政体　切入点：主权　出处：《政治学研究》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：进入现代社会以后,西方古代政体学说虽然在一定程度上得到了保留,但其内涵和诸要素却一再变异和重组,直至19世纪在某种意义上宣告终结。从马基雅维利开始,以统治者的人数作为依据的政体分类越来越只具有形式意义,政治体善恶优劣的标准被置于他处:在博丹和霍布斯那里,是它能否更好地维护主权;在马基雅维利、孟德斯鸠、卢梭和康德那里,则是它的统治方式是否合乎法治与分权制衡等规范。古代政体学说所坚持的德性原则逐渐被放弃,取而代之的是自由原则。古代政体学说中的贵族政体、混合政体等要素逐渐融入现代民主政治的主要形态即代表制民主和立宪民主当中,代表制民主和立宪民主成为西方现代唯一正当的政治形态。
[Abstract]:After entering the modern society, although the ancient western polity theory was preserved to some extent, its connotation and elements changed and reorganized again and again until the end of the 19th century in a certain sense. The classification of polity, based on the number of rulers, is becoming more and more formal, and the standards of good and evil in politics are being placed elsewhere: in Bodan and Hobbes, it is whether it can better defend sovereignty; in Machiavelli, Montesquieu, Rousseau and Kant, on the other hand, were concerned with whether their way of governance was in conformity with the norms of the rule of law and the checks and balances of separation of powers. The principle of virtue upheld by the ancient doctrine of government was gradually abandoned and replaced by the principle of freedom. The aristocracy in the ancient doctrine of government, The elements such as mixed government gradually melt into the main forms of modern democratic politics, namely, representative democracy and constitutional democracy, which have become the only legitimate political form in western modern times.
【作者单位】：天津师范大学政治文化与政治文明建设研究院;天津师范大学政治与行政学院;
【基金】：天津市高等学校创新团队培养计划的资助
【分类号】：D091

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