国家制度的价值标准和取舍原则

发布时间：2018-03-24 11:18

本文选题：国家制度价值标准　切入点：公正　出处：《浙江社会科学》2017年02期

【摘要】：国家制度好坏的根本价值标准是公正,亦即等利害交换,说到底,是平等,特别是经济平等:一方面,在任何社会,每个人不论劳动多少、贡献如何,都应该按人类基本物质需要完全平等地分配基本经济权利(即按需分配)。另一方面,在私有制社会,应该按照每个人所提供的生产要素的边际产品价值,而分配给他含有等量交换价值的非基本经济权利,以便使每个人所享有的非基本经济权利的不平等,与自己所贡献的生产要素的边际产品价值的不平等的比例,完全平等(即按生产要素分配);在公有制社会,则应按每个人所贡献的社会必要劳动时间,而分配给他含有同量社会必要劳动时间的非基本经济权利,以便使每个人所享有的非基本经济权利的不平等,与自己所贡献的社会必要劳动时间的不平等的比例,完全平等(即按劳分配)。国家制度好坏的最高价值标准是人道,亦即使人成为人(使人实现自己的创造性潜能而成为可能成为的最有价值的人),说到底,是自由,特别是经济自由:经济活动应该由市场机制自行调节,而不应由政府管制,政府的干预应仅限于确立和保障经济规则;而在这些经济规则的范围内,每个人都应该享有完全按照自己的意志进行经济活动的自由,都享有完全按照自己的意志进行生产、分配、交换和消费等经济活动的自由。
[Abstract]:The fundamental standard of value for the good or bad of the national system is justice, that is, the exchange of interests, and, in the final analysis, equality, especially economic equality: on the one hand, in any society, no matter how much labour one person is working, he or she contributes. On the other hand, in a society of private ownership, the marginal product value of the factors of production provided by each person should be taken into account. And the distribution to him of non-basic economic rights with equal exchange value, so that the inequality of the non-basic economic rights enjoyed by each person is proportional to the unequal value of the marginal product value of the factor of production to which he contributes, Complete equality (that is, distribution according to factors of production; in a public society, it is to be allocated to non-basic economic rights that contain equal amounts of necessary social labour time, according to the social essential labour hours to which each person contributes), In order to make the inequality of non-basic economic rights enjoyed by everyone fully equal in proportion to the unequal proportion of the necessary working hours of the society to which he contributes (that is, distribution according to work). The highest standard of value for the good or bad of the national system is humanity, That is to say, the most valuable person who makes man (who makes him realize his creative potential) is, in the end, freedom, especially economic freedom: economic activity should be regulated by market mechanisms and not regulated by governments, Government intervention should be limited to the establishment and protection of economic rules, within which everyone should have the freedom to conduct economic activities in full accordance with his or her own will and to produce in full accordance with his own will, Freedom of economic activity such as distribution, exchange and consumption.
【作者单位】：北京大学哲学系;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金一般项目(16BKS087)“社会主义核心价值观与国家治理现代化的内在逻辑研究”之阶段性成果
【分类号】：D033

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