柏拉图王政思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 15:44

本文选题：哲学王　切入点：德性完善　出处：《南京师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为古希腊著名的哲学家和政治学家,柏拉图的政治思想主要集中在《理想国》、《政治家篇》和《法律篇》中。本文通过对柏拉图这三篇对话中所包含的政治思想的分析,提出了柏拉图从《理想国》到《法律篇》的思想发展,实质上是其王政思想的发展。柏拉图在《理想国》中提出的“哲学王”统治究其实质是一种王政,这种王政体制一方面是建立在“哲学王”德性完善基础上的权威主义,另一方面也是以其理想国家在德性上的自足与整体主义为基础的。在这种王政体制下,个人毫无思想与行动的自由可言。在《政治家篇》中,柏拉图一方面在肯定了王政是真正的政体外,给予对现实的关注与考虑,同时认为依法统治的君主政体是现实中王政政体最完美的模仿。而在《法律篇》中,法律的德性与权威至上取代了哲学王的德性与权威。所以,从《理想国》到《法律篇》,在柏拉图思想的演化过程中,变化的是形式,不变的是实质。形式上,“哲学王”的统治变成了“法律”的统治。而实质上,建立在德性之上的权威主义才是永恒的。之所以如此,是因为柏拉图是一个对现实充满关怀的思想家,而他所处的时代恰恰是一个在政治上缺乏秩序同时个人主义又大行其道的时代。于是,他以正义的名义出发在寻求国家秩序并努力实现它的过程中提出并发展了他的王政思想。但是,他在寻求正义的过程中走向了极端,这种极端必然导致政治上另一种形式的不正义的出现。
[Abstract]:As a famous philosopher and political scientist in ancient Greece, Plato's political thoughts are mainly concentrated in "the Republic", "the statesman" and "the Law". The development of Plato's thought from the Republic to the Law is essentially the development of his thoughts on the king's government. In the Republic, Plato put forward the rule of "the King of philosophy", which is essentially a kind of royal government. On the one hand, the system of royal government is authoritarianism based on the perfection of the virtue of the "King of philosophy". On the other hand, it is also based on the moral self-sufficiency and holism of its ideal country. In this royal system, the individual has no freedom of thought or action. On the one hand, Plato gave attention and consideration to the reality, besides affirming that the royal government is the real regime, and at the same time, he believed that the monarchy ruled by law is the most perfect imitation of the regime of the royal government in reality. The supremacy of virtue and authority of law has replaced the virtue and authority of the king of philosophy. Therefore, from the Republic to the Law, in the course of Plato's thought evolution, it is the form that changes. In form, the rule of the "king of philosophy" becomes the rule of "law", but in essence, authoritarianism based on virtue is eternal. The reason is that Plato is a thinker who is full of concern for reality, and he lives in an era of political lack of order and individualism. He set out in the name of justice to put forward and develop his ideas of royal rule in the pursuit of national order and in his efforts to achieve it. However, he went to the extreme in the process of seeking justice. This extreme inevitably leads to another form of political injustice.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B502.232;D09

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