社会主义的两种传统及其历史误区

发布时间：2018-03-31 11:50

本文选题：社会主义　切入点：科学　出处：《当代世界与社会主义》2014年02期

【摘要】：在世界社会主义史上,始终存在着激进与保守、革命与改良、科学与民主这两大传统。社会主义的科学或革命传统秉承了现代启蒙的理性精神,将历史、社会和政治问题视为人类的知识和科学可以给予解答或解决的对象,因而形成了根深蒂固的科学传统,并为共产主义的革命和社会改造运动所继承;社会主义的民主或改良传统将自由和人类的自我解放理想从共产主义的语境中剥离出来,并将之兑现为以市场和民主为实证基础的一系列经济、社会和政治权利,这一传统为修正主义所开启。社会主义的这两种传统都存在着历史性的误区:前者有着难以抹去的乌托邦痕迹,以及对于政治或人的政治本性的根本遮蔽;后者将社会主义对资本主义问题的解决、克服或超越稀释为单纯的市场或民主问题,因而清除了社会主义的科学内涵。然而社会主义,倘若要作为一项有意义的人类事业,就应当既要秉承正视人的政治本性的民主传统,又要秉承有效回答或解答资本主义问题的科学传统。
[Abstract]:In the history of world socialism, there are always two traditions: radical and conservative, revolution and improvement, science and democracy. Social and political problems are regarded as objects of human knowledge and science that can be answered or solved, thus forming a deep-rooted scientific tradition that has been inherited by the communist revolution and social transformation movement; Socialist democracy or improved tradition separates freedom and the ideal of human self-liberation from the context of communism and delivers it as a series of economic, social and political rights based on market and democracy. This tradition was opened by revisionism. The two traditions of socialism have historical misunderstandings: the former has the indelible traces of utopia and the fundamental shelter for politics or human political nature; The latter eliminated the scientific connotations of socialism by overcoming or surpassing the dilution of socialism to a mere market or democratic problem. However, if socialism is to be regarded as a meaningful human cause, Therefore, we should not only uphold the democratic tradition of facing up to the political nature of human beings, but also uphold the scientific tradition of answering or answering capitalist problems effectively.
【作者单位】：上海社会科学院中国马克思主义研究所;
【分类号】：D033.4

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