罗尔斯正义理论对功利主义的超越

发布时间：2018-04-11 20:21

本文选题：罗尔斯 + 正义论　；参考：《苏州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：人类对正义的思考和追求在哲学出现的早期就已经开始了，在现代哲学领域，提到对正义理论的研究，不得不提及的当数约翰·罗尔斯。罗尔斯作为美国著名哲学家、伦理学家，著作虽然不多，但在西方学术界影响很大,其主要著作《正义论》所阐述的正义理论，无疑使他成为了现代正义理论最具代表性的人物。罗尔斯专注于社会正义问题，目标在于构筑一种理想性质的正义理论。他的理论可以说是在借鉴了传统社会契约论的基础上对功利主义理论的批判。罗尔斯不赞成功利主义，但是功利主义一度是罗尔斯最想琢磨透并以最合理的形式加以阐释的重要道德立场。在试图修正和完善功利主义理论的努力失败以后，罗尔斯开始专注于建立自己的作为公平的正义理论。基于对“正义”的不同理解和定义，，罗尔斯欲超越功利主义正义观，而建立一种真正公平的对社会成员有益的社会制度。笔者认为，时至今日，罗尔斯和功利主义关于正义问题的争论仍方兴未艾，有重要的研究价值，基于此，本文将从罗尔斯正义理论对功利主义的超越的角度展开，研究罗尔斯的正义理论。
[Abstract]:Human beings began to think and pursue justice in the early days of philosophy. In the field of modern philosophy, John Rawls has to mention the study of justice theory.Rawls, as a famous American philosopher and ethicist, has a great influence on the theory of justice in the western academic circles, although his works are few.Undoubtedly, he has become the most representative figure of modern justice theory.Rawls focuses on the problem of social justice and aims to construct an ideal theory of justice.His theory can be said to be a criticism of utilitarianism on the basis of traditional social contract theory.Rawls disapproved of utilitarianism, but utilitarianism was once an important moral position that Rawls most wanted to ponder and explain in the most rational form.After trying to revise and perfect the utilitarian theory, Rawls began to focus on establishing his own theory of justice as fairness.Based on the different understanding and definition of "justice", Rawls wants to transcend the utilitarian view of justice and establish a kind of social system which is really fair and beneficial to the members of society.The author believes that the debate on justice between Rawls and utilitarianism is still in the ascendant, which has important research value. Based on this, this paper will start from the perspective of Rawls' theory of justice to transcend utilitarianism.To study Rawls' theory of justice.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D09

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