论顾维钧的废约思想及主张

发布时间：2018-04-22 14:09

本文选题：顾维钧 + 废约　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 顾维钧是现代中国著名的外交家,也是世界著名的政治活动家之一。他早年留学美国,在哥伦比亚大学主修国际法和外交学,1912年回国任袁世凯英文秘书和外交部主事。1915年,顾维钧被派驻为墨西哥公使,开始了他担任驻外公使的生涯。顾维钧在处理各种外交事务时,始终以对外大局为重,周旋有方,长立政坛,不仅为国内公众所推崇,更为国际外交界所钦佩。 1842年《南京条约》的签订,标志着中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会,从此进入不平等条约时代。不平等条约的存在,严重束缚了中国的发展,但是却为列强的发展带来了契机。而列强在初步尝到了不平等条约的甜头之后,不断的将一个个不平等条约强加给中国,在政治、经济、文化、军事等方面攫取了对中国进行统治和管理的各种特权,并在一定程度上取代了中国政府的统治。不平等条约就像是一张巨大的网,严重阻碍中国社会进步和发展,这是近代半殖民地半封建特殊社会形态的典型特征,同时也是中国遭受资本主义世界压迫和掠夺的象征。民国初年,中国延续了数千年的帝制走到了尽头,开创了全新的共和制度,无论是在内政还是外交都出现了划时代的转折意义。在此时投身于中国外交事业的顾维钧积极致力于不平等条约的废除,以提高中国的国际地位。顾维钧对中国的外交事业做出了突出的贡献,而他在外交生涯中,一直以废除不平等条约、提高中国的国际地位为自己的奋斗目标,所以废约在他的外交活动中占有很大的比重。本文以顾维钧的废约活动为切入点来探究他的废约思想,共分为四个部分：第一部分：讲述顾维钧对不平等条约的认识。首先是认识的基础,接下来介绍顾维钧对不平等条约的认识、对主要条约特权的认识、对不平等条约危害的认识。第二部分：叙述顾维钧在废约过程中的坚持的基本目标和立场。其中基本目标又分为总体目标和不同时期的废约主张,而立场则是坚决维护国家主权。第三部分：阐明了顾维钧在废约过程中采用的主要策略和手段。即运用国际法的规则、利用情势变迁原则、争取美国的支持、从小国入手打开缺口、对不同的国家区别对待、灵活性与原则性相结合、从现实出发以及善于妥协、有进有退。第四部分：结语。主要论述顾维钧废约的历史功绩、局限以及给后人的启示。
[Abstract]:Gu Weijun is a famous diplomat in modern China and one of the world famous political activists. He studied in the United States in the early years, majored in international law and diplomacy at Columbia University, and returned to China in 1912 to serve as English Secretary and head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Yuan Shikai. In 1915, Gu Weijun was stationed as minister of Mexico and began his career as a foreign minister. In handling all kinds of foreign affairs, Gu Weijun always attached great importance to the overall situation of the foreign countries.He was well-willed and established in the political arena, which was not only respected by the domestic public, but also admired by the international diplomatic community. The signing of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 marked the beginning of China becoming a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and entered the era of unequal treaties. The existence of unequal treaties has seriously restricted the development of China, but it has brought opportunities for the development of the powers. After initially tasting the benefits of unequal treaties, the great powers constantly imposed unequal treaties on China, seizing various privileges in political, economic, cultural, military and other aspects to govern and manage China. And to some extent replaced the rule of the Chinese government. Unequal treaties are like a huge net, which seriously hinders the progress and development of Chinese society, which is a typical feature of the special social formation of modern semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and also a symbol of China being oppressed and plundered by the capitalist world. In the early years of the Republic of China, the monarchy, which lasted for thousands of years, came to an end and created a new Republican system, which had epoch-making significance in both domestic and foreign affairs. Gu Weijun, who devoted himself to China's diplomacy at this time, was actively committed to the abolition of unequal treaties in order to enhance China's international status. Gu Weijun has made outstanding contributions to China's diplomatic cause. In his diplomatic career, he has always made the abolition of unequal treaties and the enhancement of China's international status his goal. Therefore, the abolition of the treaty in his diplomatic activities accounted for a large proportion. This article takes Gu Weijun's abrogation activity as the starting point to probe into his idea of abrogation, which is divided into four parts: The first part is about Gu Weijun's understanding of unequal treaties. First is the basis of understanding, then introduces Gu Weijun's understanding of unequal treaties, his understanding of major treaty privileges, and his understanding of the harm of unequal treaties. The second part: narrates Gu Weijun's basic goal and position in the process of abrogation. The basic goal is divided into the general goal and the abrogation proposition in different periods, and the position is to safeguard the state sovereignty. The third part: expound Gu Weijun's main tactics and means in the process of abrogation. That is, applying the rules of international law, using the principle of situation change, winning the support of the United States, opening the gap from small countries, treating different countries differently, combining flexibility with principle, proceeding from reality and being good at compromise, there are advances and retreats. Part four: conclusion. This paper mainly discusses Gu Weijun's historical achievements, limitations and enlightenment to future generations.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D092

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