哈耶克自由主义政治哲学评析

发布时间：2018-04-27 23:47

本文选题：哈耶克 + 自由主义　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文在政治哲学的视域下,对哈耶克的自由主义思想进行了系统的研究。全文力图在自由主义这一整体问题背景下对哈耶克的自由思想进行脉络梳理,同时也对哈耶克独特的思想路径所具有的理论意义和内在缺陷进行了辩证思考。本文追溯了哈耶克自由主义理论的产生渊源,探讨了哈耶克自由主义思想的理论前提及发展历程。世界大战的爆发,经济计划的应运而生,法西斯主义的出现,凯恩斯主义的兴起,社会主义等思潮对自由主义的冲击,这些都是哈耶克自由主义理论产生的时代背景与社会历史原因。同时,本文结合他早期受到的古典自由主义的影响,论述了他对古典自由主义的批判继承,在透视其理论体系的构成的过程中剖析了支撑哈耶克自由理论的哲学基础,即有限理性主义、知识论和方法论个人主义。从研究的演进理路来看,本文以自由主义的传统和演变为线索,导引出哈耶克的自由概念,力求对哈耶克自由概念的内涵做出详尽的梳理,随之展开对其自由主义政治哲学主体内容的层次性阐述,展现了整个理论的建构过程和内在逻辑。在哈耶克的学术生涯中,他对自由问题的研究主要围绕着人类社会中的自发秩序展开,在他整个的自由主义理论体系中,他的自发秩序理论也是对其它理论理解和研究的基础,处于核心地位,在对他的文本研究中不难发现自发秩序思想贯穿于哈耶克整个自由主义理论体系。本文立足于一个相对开阔的哲学视野,发掘哈耶克重构的存在于社会中的自发秩序并对概念进行了界说,阐述了它的思想渊源、生成条件与演进方式,进一步分析了其自发秩序论的重要意义及理论局限。可以说,本文系统且细致地介绍了哈耶克的自发秩序理论。本文同时对自发秩序下的自由、法律、平等等核心理念及彼此的关系进行了探讨。哈耶克一生致力于追求和保障自由,他认为必须依赖法律来保障自由。本文通过法律层面推导出正当行为规则观,进而剖析了法律与自由的关系,逻辑地阐发哈耶克意义上的法律构架,完整地演绎出哈耶克法律保障自由的理论。自由保障理论也使哈耶克的自由观得以生发和延展。哈耶克的自由主义并不是完美无缺的,特别是他对西方资本主义的鼓吹与对社会主义的强烈抨击形成鲜明的对比。本文对哈耶克的自由主义政治哲学进行了理论评析,并在马克思的视域下对哈耶克的自由主义思想予以深刻批判,从辩证的角度理解哈耶克的自由主义,同时也论述了马克思人类解放理论的超越性。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of political philosophy, this paper makes a systematic study of Hayek's liberalism. This paper tries to sort out Hayek's freedom thought under the background of the whole problem of liberalism, and at the same time, dialectically ponders the theoretical significance and inherent defects of Hayek's unique thought path. This paper traces the origin of Hayek's liberalism theory, discusses the theoretical premise and development course of Hayek's liberalism thought. The outbreak of the World War, the emergence of economic planning, the emergence of fascism, the rise of Keynesianism, and the impact of socialist trends on liberalism, These are the background of Hayek's liberalism theory and social and historical reasons. At the same time, combined with the influence of his early classical liberalism, this paper discusses his criticism and inheritance of classical liberalism, and analyzes the philosophical basis supporting Hayek's theory of freedom in the process of studying the composition of his theoretical system. They are limited rationalism, knowledge theory and methodological individualism. From the point of view of the evolution of the study, this paper takes the tradition and evolution of liberalism as the clue to guide Hayek's concept of freedom, and tries to make a detailed combing of the connotation of Hayek's concept of freedom. Then it expounds the main content of liberalism political philosophy, and shows the whole theory construction process and internal logic. In Hayek's academic career, his research on freedom mainly revolved around the spontaneous order in human society. In his whole system of liberalism, his theory of spontaneous order is also the basis of understanding and studying other theories. In the core position, it is not difficult to find that the thought of spontaneous order runs through Hayek's whole liberalism theory system in the study of his text. Based on a relatively broad philosophical perspective, this paper explores Hayek's reconstruction of spontaneous order in society, defines the concept, and expounds its ideological origin, conditions of formation and evolution. The important significance and theoretical limitation of its spontaneous order theory are further analyzed. It can be said that this paper systematically and meticulously introduces Hayek's theory of spontaneous order. At the same time, this paper discusses the core concepts of freedom, law and equality under spontaneous order and their relationship. Hayek devoted his life to the pursuit and protection of freedom, he believed that must rely on the law to protect freedom. This paper deduces the view of the rules of legitimate behavior through the legal level, and then analyzes the relationship between law and freedom, logically explains the legal framework in the sense of Hayek, and fully deduces the theory of Hayek's legal protection of freedom. The theory of freedom guarantee also makes Hayek's view of freedom grow and extend. Hayek's liberalism was not perfect, especially his preaching of Western capitalism and his strong attack on socialism. This paper analyzes Hayek's political philosophy of liberalism, criticizes Hayek's thought of liberalism from the perspective of Marx, and understands Hayek's liberalism from a dialectical point of view. At the same time, it also discusses the transcendence of Marx's theory of human liberation.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B089;D09

【参考文献】