先秦儒家民本思想的现代转进路径探究

发布时间：2018-04-29 02:42

本文选题：先秦儒家民本思想 + 民主思想　；参考：《淮北师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：先秦是中国传统政治思想的形成时期,不仅涌现出儒家、道家、法家、墨家、阴阳家、兵家等政治学说,更是奠定后世学者理论研究的基础框架,使之即便有所创新,也未能真正跳出此圈。其中对后世影响尤为深远的便是孔孟的儒家思想学说,尽管当时因未能迎合统治者需要而一度被遗弃,但自汉以降,其正统地位逐渐建立,一直被统治者奉为治世经典,更视其民本思想,如孔子“为政以德”、孟子“民贵君轻”、荀子“君舟民水”为安国定邦的首要手段。时移世易,历史条件的变迁、社会环境的变化,先秦儒家民本思想不再适应当今治国需要,但也不能全盘否弃,应加以辩证分析,对其合理面进行继承创新,使之接受现代化的洗礼。总体来说,民本思想经历否定之否定的辩证发展过程:先秦儒家民本思想为初创阶段,虽难免理论粗糙,但仍具一定精粹,为其真实义所在;封建民本思想为歪曲发展阶段,统治者为维系皇权,大肆加以改造,将各种符合封建礼教和君主统治的学说皆纳入民本思想体系,造成先秦儒家民本思想真实义逐渐流失,伪现真隐;现代民本思想为反思创新阶段,不仅批判封建民本思想之糟粕,肃清残余流毒,彰显先秦儒家民本思想之精粹,灭伪存真,而且融合当今民主、自由、平等、法治等治国原则,创新民本观念,提出“以人为本”,实现先秦儒家民本思想的现代合理性转进,既顺应民主政治发展潮流、保持民族特色,又符合现代治国理念、构建和谐社会之要求。考察先秦儒家民本思想现代转进的模式,大致分为中体西用、西体中用、中西互通三种。体用之争虽各自成理,却有失偏颇,难免带有文化中心主义色彩。只有充分推动中西文化双向交流,各自取长补短,根据各国具体形势变化、经济发展程度、历史文化积淀、人民心理承受能力在实践中创新民族文化,才能成功实现传统政治文化现代化。从政治行为主体角度展开分析,先秦儒家民本思想在现代的合理转进途径,可从公民、社会组织、政府三个方面进行:“民”经历臣民到市民再到公民的身份转变,主体意识开始觉醒,主动进行政治参与,维护自身权利,坐实“本”位;社会组织(利益集团、各类社团、民间组织等非政府组织)的发育,起到上达民情、下传政令的中介作用,是沟通公民与政府的桥梁;现代政府从根本上转变治国理念,变革治国方式,将自身定位于“服务人”角色,实行德治、法治并举和科学化治理,营造民主、自由的社会政治氛围。只有实现公民参政、社会监督、政府服务三者的良性互动,才能共创和谐社会新局面。
[Abstract]:Pre-Qin Dynasty was the forming period of Chinese traditional political thought. Not only did Confucianism, Taoism, Legalists, Mohism, Yin and Yang schools, military schools, and other political theories emerge, but also laid a foundation for the theoretical research of scholars in later generations, making it even more innovative. Can not really jump out of this circle. The Confucian thought of Confucius and Mencius had a profound influence on later generations. Although it was abandoned at that time because of its failure to meet the needs of the rulers, its orthodoxy was gradually established since the Han Dynasty fell, and it has been regarded by the rulers as a classic of governing the world. People-based thought, such as Confucius, Mencius, Mencius, and Xunzi, as the most important means of establishing a state. Due to the change of time, the change of historical conditions and the change of social environment, the pre-Qin Confucian people-oriented thought is no longer suitable for the needs of governing the country today, but it can not be completely abandoned. It should be dialectically analyzed and inherited and innovated on its reasonable side. To undergo the baptism of modernization. Generally speaking, the people-oriented thought has experienced the dialectical development process of negation: the pre-Qin Confucian people-oriented thought is the initial stage, although the theory is rough, it still has some essence, which is its true meaning, and the feudal people-oriented thought is the distorted stage of development. In order to maintain the imperial power, the rulers made a great effort to reform, and brought all kinds of theories which accord with the feudal ethics and the monarch rule into the people-oriented thought system, which resulted in the gradual loss of the true meaning of the people-oriented thought of the pre-Qin Confucianism, and the false appearance was really hidden. In order to reflect on the stage of innovation, the modern people-oriented thought not only criticizes the dross of the feudal people-oriented thought, clears the residual poison, highlights the essence of the people-oriented thought of the pre-Qin Confucianists, and extinguishes the false existence of truth, but also integrates the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, rule by law and other principles of governing the country. Innovating the people-oriented concept, putting forward "people-oriented", realizing the modern rationality of the people-oriented thought of the pre-Qin Confucianism, not only conforms to the trend of democratic political development, maintains the national characteristics, but also conforms to the requirements of the modern concept of governing the country and the construction of a harmonious society. The mode of modern transformation of the people-oriented thought of the pre-Qin Confucianism is divided into three types: middle body, west body and west body. Although the argument of physical use has its own reasons, it is biased and inevitably has the color of cultural centrism. Only by fully promoting two-way exchanges between Chinese and Western cultures, learning from each other, according to the changes in the specific situation of each country, the degree of economic development, the accumulation of history and culture, and the people's psychological bearing ability to innovate national culture in practice, In order to realize the modernization of traditional political culture successfully. From the angle of the subject of political behavior, the rational approach of the people-oriented thought of pre-Qin Confucianism in modern times can be carried out from three aspects: citizen, social organization and government: "people" experienced from subject to citizen and then to citizen. The subjective consciousness began to awaken, to take the initiative to participate in politics, to safeguard one's own rights, and to sit down in the "original" position; the development of social organizations (interest groups, various associations, non-governmental organizations, etc.), played an important role in the development of the people's feelings. The intermediary function of the downhanded decree is the bridge between the citizens and the government, the modern government fundamentally changes the concept of governing the country, changes the way of governing the country, positions itself in the role of "serving people", implements the rule of virtue, and simultaneously develops and scientifically governs the rule of law. Create a democratic and free social and political atmosphere. Only when citizens participate in politics, social supervision and government service can we create a new situation of harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：淮北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D092

【参考文献】