中国现代家长制问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 20:45

本文选题：家长制 + 历史因素　；参考：《华侨大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：家长制作为中国封建统治制度根植于中国人的思想中，没有随着封建时代的终结而消失。自改革开放以来，我国在经济上取得巨大成就的同时，政治改革却相对滞后，政治上残留的封建家长制度是影响政治改革的重要原因。要想找到家长制的破解方法，就要从历史上弄清它的思想实质和形成发展脉络。家长制形成于夏朝，在秦汉以后的中央集权专制下得到强化。几千的封建专制使中国人在思想上承认了被统治、被支配的事实。配套的制度捆绑更强化了对家长的绝对权力。直至19世纪末，近代思想家开始对封建家长制猛烈批评，形成了近代启蒙思潮。但是近代启蒙思想家并没有使中国人彻底摆脱家长的的牢笼去实现政治转型。相反,中国半封建半殖民地的社会性质没有发生根本改变，家长制观念仍存留在领导人的头脑中。甚至在共产党执政早期，一些党和国家领导人仍抱有家长制思想。从现实角度来看，家长制的残留不能排除外部因素--斯大林模式对中国的影响。由于新中国建立要模寻求苏联帮助，，所以也不可避免的要模仿斯大林模式政治上的过度集权、个人崇拜盛行和对意识形态的控制等家长制作风。内外部历史因素的综合影响和现实先经后政、先易后难的改革战略，使得家长制作风愈加严重。从当今层出不断出现的社会事件可以看出，家长制已经成为了亟待解决的现实问题。破解家长制要从制度建设和思想建设两方面入手。制度建设上要着力解决权力授予不合理问题、现行权力结构中的党政不分、责权不明的问题、监督不到位等问题。思想建设上要以马克思主义理论为指导，明确人民是国家的主人，人民利益高于一切的道理。学习现代政治理论加强党风建设，增强官员的公仆意识。
[Abstract]:Patriarchal system, as a system of Chinese feudal rule, was rooted in Chinese thought and did not disappear with the end of feudalism. Since the reform and opening to the outside world, our country has made great achievements in economy, but the political reform has lagged behind. The feudal patriarchal system remains in politics is the important reason to influence the political reform. If we want to find the way to break the patriarchal system, we must make clear the essence of its thought and form the development thread from the history. Patriarchal system was formed in the Xia Dynasty and strengthened under the centralized autocracy after the Qin and Han dynasties. Thousands of feudal autocracy led the Chinese to acknowledge the fact that they were ruled and dominated. The binding of the supporting system strengthens the absolute power to the parents. Until the end of the 19 th century, modern thinkers began to criticize feudal patriarchal system and formed modern enlightenment thoughts. But the modern enlightenment thinkers did not completely free the Chinese from their parents' cages to realize the political transformation. On the contrary, the social nature of semi-feudal and semi-colonial China has not changed fundamentally, and the concept of patriarchal system remains in the minds of leaders. Even in the early days of the Communist Party, some party and state leaders still held patriarchal ideas. From a realistic point of view, the residue of patriarchal system cannot exclude the influence of Stalin model on China. Since the founding of New China sought Soviet help, it was inevitable to imitate the patriarchal style of Stalin's model of excessive political centralization, the prevalence of personality cult and the control of ideology. The comprehensive influence of internal and external historical factors and the reform strategy of "first through politics, first easy after difficult" makes the patriarchal style more serious. From the emerging social events, we can see that patriarchal system has become a practical problem to be solved. To break through the patriarchal system, we should start from the two aspects of system construction and ideological construction. In the construction of the system, we should focus on solving the unreasonable problems of the delegation of power, the lack of separation between the party and government in the current power structure, the problem of unclear responsibility and power, and the lack of supervision, and so on. Ideological construction should be guided by Marxist theory and make it clear that the people are the masters of the country and the interests of the people are above all. Study the modern political theory to strengthen the party style construction, enhance the public servant consciousness of the official.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D092

【参考文献】