五四运动前后中国政党迭出原因分析

发布时间：2018-05-07 20:42

本文选题：五四运动 + 政党　；参考：《中原工学院》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：在波澜起伏的近现代中国历史发展进程中，曾经先后出现过三次政党产生和发展的高潮时期。其中，1919年“五四”运动前后（即1917年至1924年）是中国政党和政党制度发生重大历史变迁的一个转折时期。五四运动前后，中国新型政党的迭出与高潮，既有其深刻的历史社会背景，也有其背景产生的主、客观方面的条件。其中，北洋军阀统治的合法性危机及社会转型时期跌宕起伏的中国政局，是五四运动前后中国新型政党迭出的深刻的社会历史背景；民初议会民主政党的衰败及功能的丧失是新型政党迭出的客观原因；各种思想与主义的传播则是其理论基础。这个时期，中国政党与政党制度的发展呈现出一些新特点：其一，中国政党由议会民主型政党向革命型政党转变，，政党的组织结构、功能使命、变革社会的手段都发生了重大变化；其二，五四运动前后中国政党主要是基于各种主义与思想集合体之上逐渐发展起来的；其三，就政党制度而言，民初议会政党失败后，中国的政党制度正由多党竞争向政党联合、一党专政进而一党领导多党合作的新趋势发展；其四，就中国革命的发展状况而言，中国革命由“一党革命”发展到“三党竞革”的新时期。这一时期，主要政党纷纷以革命相标榜，其中既有政党间的短暂联盟与合作，也有政党间的相互敌对与排斥，从而对中国社会的发展和革命的走向产生了极其深刻的影响。同时，这一时期政党的发展演变也给我们以深刻的历史启迪。其一，议会民主型政党在北洋军阀统治时期是根本无法生存和发展的；其二，任何政党只有顺应历史潮流，才能发展壮大；其三，实现政党间的联盟与合作是中国革命取得胜利的保证；其四，中国不能只有一个政党，中国的政党制度必须有自己的特色。
[Abstract]:In the development process of modern Chinese history, there have been three climax periods of political parties' emergence and development. Among them, before and after the "May 4th Movement" in 1919 (1917 to 1924), it was a turning point for the great historical changes of Chinese political parties and their systems. Before and after the May 4th Movement, the emergence and climax of new political parties in China not only had its profound historical and social background, but also had its subjective and objective conditions. Among them, the crisis of legitimacy of Northern warlords' rule and the ups and downs of Chinese political situation during the period of social transformation are the profound social and historical background of the new political parties in China before and after the May 4th Movement. The decline and loss of functions of democratic political parties in the early Republic of China are the objective reasons for the successive emergence of new political parties, and the spread of various ideas and doctrines is its theoretical basis. During this period, the development of Chinese political party and its system showed some new characteristics: first, the political party in China changed from a democratic parliamentary party to a revolutionary political party, and the organizational structure and functional mission of the political party. Major changes have taken place in the means of changing society; second, before and after the May 4th Movement, Chinese political parties developed mainly on the basis of various doctrines and ideological aggregates; third, as far as the political party system is concerned, after the failure of the political parties in the early Republican Congress, The political party system in China is developing from multi-party competition to political party union, one-party dictatorship and then one-party leading multi-party cooperation. Fourthly, as far as the development of the Chinese revolution is concerned, The Chinese revolution has developed from a one-party revolution to a three-party revolution. During this period, the main political parties have proclaimed the revolution, including the brief alliance and cooperation among the political parties, as well as the mutual hostility and rejection among the political parties, which has had a profound impact on the development of Chinese society and the trend of the revolution. At the same time, the development and evolution of political parties in this period also give us profound historical enlightenment. First, the parliamentary democratic political parties were simply unable to survive and develop during the reign of the Northern warlords; second, any political party could only develop and grow if it complied with the historical trend; and third, The realization of alliance and cooperation among political parties is the guarantee of the victory of the Chinese revolution; fourth, China cannot have only one political party, and the political party system in China must have its own characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：中原工学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D05;K261

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