施特劳斯论封闭社会与普遍社会——兼驳对施特劳斯思想的曲解和误用

发布时间：2018-05-08 03:35

本文选题：封闭社会 + 普遍社会　；参考：《学海》2013年04期

【摘要】：本文通过分析施特劳斯对封闭社会与普遍社会的理解,阐明了他对现代性危机的诊断:现代性思想抛弃理性与自然正确,故不再认识到自由民主在现当代的合理性、正当性与普遍性;从而,当国家的强大有力成为衡量的最高甚至唯一标准,当民族神话或习传性道德粉饰下的专制暂时"辉煌",人们很容易在看似危急之时抛弃自由而拥抱专制。本文表明施特劳斯回归古典政治哲学不是要照搬美德政制,而是欲借助古典政治哲学来恢复对政治事物的常识性理解,从而真正理解我们今天所面临的问题,并将古典之原则间接曲折地运用于自由民主;其意图是为自由民主提供健康、坚实的道德和智识之根基。本文反驳了保守主义与民族主义倾向的对施特劳斯思想的曲解和误用:以之为根据来反对自由、平等、人权的普世性。本文也揭示了施特劳斯所理解的文明之内涵以及政治自由在其中的重要意义。
[Abstract]:By analyzing Strauss's understanding of the closed society and the universal society, this article clarifies his diagnosis of the crisis of Modernity: the modern thought abandons the rationality and the nature, and therefore no longer recognizes the rationality, the legitimacy and the universality of free democracy in the present and the contemporary, and thus, the powerful and powerful of the country becomes the highest and only the only standard. It is very easy for people to abandon freedom and embrace despotism in a seemingly critical situation when the autocratic autocracy of national mythology or practice morality is temporarily "brilliant". This article shows that Strauss's return to classical political philosophy is not to copy virtue political system, but to restore common sense understanding of political things with the help of classical political philosophy. Understanding the problems we are facing today and transferring the classical principles to freedom and democracy, which is intended to provide a healthy, solid foundation of morality and wisdom for free democracy. This article refutes the misinterpretation and misuse of Strauss thought by conservatism and Nationalism: against freedom and equality, The universality of human rights also reveals the significance of Strauss's understanding of civilization and the importance of political freedom in it.

【作者单位】：中国人民大学哲学院;
【分类号】：D08

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