国家起源问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 03:15

本文选题：国家起源 + 国家本质　；参考：《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2014年04期

【摘要】：国家起于何时?有神意论、契约论、群演论、水利论、暴力论、暴力潜能论和祭司论等多种不同的解释,可它们都存在这样那样的纰漏。而马克思主义的阶级论,其实不是关于全称国家起源的解释,而只是关于阶级性国家起源的解释。全面了解马克思主义创始人的国家思想可知,他们认为有服务性国家和统治性国家之分,前者的出现早于后者。起源和本质存在互释性,当从起源方面说不清国家起源时,不如改从确定国家本质入手。鉴于国家是特殊的社会,可说国家就是有专职公管人员和常设公管机构的社会。如是,专职公管人员和常设公管机构的出现就是国家的开端。这个开端是一种制度改革的结果,为的是解决原有的无政府的公管模式已经失灵的问题。这个问题是在社会发展到了部落联盟的规模和个体家庭变成生产经营单位之时遇到的。这说明最初的国家是服务性国家,而在它之后出现的统治性国家则缘于服务性国家的异化。
[Abstract]:When did the country start? There are many different interpretations of theology, contract theory, group play theory, water conservancy theory, violence potential theory, and priestly theory, but they are flawed in one way or another. The class theory of Marxism, in fact, is not the explanation of the origin of the state, but the explanation of the origin of the class state. Fully understanding the state thought of the founders of Marxism, they think there is a service state and a ruling state, the former appeared earlier than the latter. The origin and essence of the interinterpretation, when the origin of the state can not be explained, it is better to start with the determination of the nature of the state. Since the state is a special society, it can be said that the state is a society with full-time public management personnel and permanent public administration institutions. If so, the emergence of full-time and permanent public management bodies is the beginning of the country. This beginning is the result of institutional reform to address the failure of the anarchic mode of governance. This problem was encountered when society developed to the scale of tribal alliances and individual families became productive units. This shows that the initial state is a service state, but the dominant state after it is due to the alienation of the service state.
【作者单位】：华中科技大学哲学系;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费研究项目华中科技大学自主创新研究基金项目资助的“制度在社会历史中的作用”(2011WB010)
【分类号】：D031

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