论张君劢“修正的民主政治”

发布时间：2018-06-25 20:13

本文选题：修正的民主政治 + 自由主义　；参考：《湘潭大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文以张君劢的政治思想为切入点,研究对象为他的“修正的民主政治”,全文分为三大章,第一章叙述“修正的民主政治”的基本内容,从内容上来看,包含政治思想与经济思想两方面的内容,之所以不仅仅只从政治思想立论,是因为政治思想与经济思想是张君劢“修正的民主政治”中不可或缺的两个部分,也唯有从这两个方面去分析才能对“修正的民主政治”有一个更好的把握。从时间上来看,张君劢的思想从30年代到40年代有一个细微的变化,所以笔者亦对这两个时间段的思想进行了分别概括。第二章在探寻“修正的民主政治”的思想渊源的基础上,对这一思想进行哲学上的分析。首先从政治哲学层面进行分析,在引入积极自由与消极自由概念的基础上,从自由主义层面对张君劢所谈论的自由进行分析,并借由自由与权力之关系的探讨,深刻剖析张君劢在这一关系上的误视。第二节从经济学层面进行分析,主要借由哈耶克的经济学理论对张君劢的计划经济思想进行批判。第三节由探寻张君劢整体哲学思想的倾向和归属入手,从他哲学思想的倾向来寻求主宰他政治思想的主线,分析出儒家思想对他根深蒂固的影响。第三章更细致深入地分析“修正的民主政治”内在的矛盾症结,由“社会公道”谈起,通过“治道”与“政道”的比较,平等观的分析,心的自由与身的自由的比较,一一谈论这些思想与儒家思想的渊源,分析出张君劢所孜孜以求的社会公平的理想、所追求的平等、所倾慕的建构方式、所想要的自由,都与儒家思想息息相关,每一个思想的构成都能从儒家思想所赋予它的思路中找到根源所在。接着以“民族自活”为切入点,从国家主义与自由主义的纠葛这一层面,探寻张君劢背离自由的另一原因。最后把张君劢“修正的民主政治”所代表的第三条道路与西方第三条道路做一简单比较。经由这一章的分析,最终得出“修正的民主政治”矛盾症结在于儒家思想与自由主义的格格不入,儒家思想无法提供健康的哲学土壤,让“修正的民主政治”得以存活发展,如果把儒家思想作为开出民主自由的哲学基础,不免陷入道德理想主义,只会让民主政治被修正得面目全非。
[Abstract]:This article takes Zhang Junmai's political thought as the breakthrough point, the research object is his "revised democratic politics", the full text is divided into three chapters, the first chapter narrates the basic content of "revised democratic politics", from the content point of view, It contains two aspects of political thought and economic thought. The reason is that political thought and economic thought are two indispensable parts of Zhang Junmai's "revised democratic politics". Only from these two aspects can we have a better understanding of revised democracy. From the point of view of time, Zhang Junmai's thought has a slight change from 1930s to 1940s, so the author also generalizes the thought of these two periods. On the basis of exploring the ideological origin of "amended democratic politics", the second chapter makes a philosophical analysis of this thought. First of all, on the basis of introducing the concepts of positive freedom and negative freedom, the author analyzes the freedom discussed by Zhang Junmai from the perspective of political philosophy, and probes into the relationship between freedom and power. Deeply analyze Zhang Junmai's misconception in this relation. The second section analyzes Zhang Junmai's planned economy thought mainly by Hayek's economic theory. The third section begins with exploring the tendency and ownership of Zhang Junmai's overall philosophical thought, seeking the main line that dominates his political thought from the tendency of his philosophical thought, and analyzing the deep-rooted influence of Confucianism on him. The third chapter makes a more detailed and in-depth analysis of the internal contradictions in "amended democratic politics", starting with "social justice", comparing "governance" with "political justice", analyzing the concept of equality, and comparing the freedom of the mind with the freedom of the body. By discussing the origin of these thoughts and Confucianism, we can find out that the ideal of social justice, the equality pursued, the way of construction, and the freedom that Zhang Junmai pursues are closely related to Confucianism. The composition of each thought can find its roots in the thought given by Confucianism. From the angle of nationalism and liberalism, the author explores another reason why Zhang Junmai deviated from freedom. Finally, the third path represented by Zhang Junmai's revised Democratic Politics is compared with the third Western one. Through the analysis of this chapter, it is concluded that the crux of the contradiction of "revised democratic politics" lies in the fact that Confucianism is incompatible with liberalism, and Confucianism cannot provide a healthy philosophical soil for the survival and development of "amended democratic politics". If Confucianism is regarded as the philosophical basis of democracy and freedom, it is bound to fall into moral idealism.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D092

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