胡适国民性改造思想及其当代德育借鉴

发布时间：2018-06-28 03:17

本文选题：胡适 + 国民性改造　；参考：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：国民性改造问题关系到人的现代化和国家的现代化的实现,没有人的现代化就没有国家的现代化。胡适主张国民性的重新构建,提倡人的个性解放,凸显人的价值,实现人的现代化,从而实现整个国家的现代化,这些主张对当代德育的发展,对提高国民道德素质,实现人的自由而全面的发展,实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦,依然具有重要借鉴意义。本文在系统地梳理胡适国民性改造思想的历史背景和思想渊源、目标和内容、途径和方法的基础上,对胡适国民性改造思想的进步性和局限性进行了评析,并总结了胡适国民性改造思想对当代德育的有益借鉴。全文共分为五个部分:第一部分:从胡适所处的时代背景出发,扼要阐述胡适国民性改造思想的历史背景和思想渊源。第二部分:面对内忧外患的社会现实,胡适深刻地揭露了传统国民性中缺乏国家观念和尚武精神、缺乏独立人格和抗争意识、缺乏同情心和责任感的劣根性,结合中国的实际情况,胡适期望国民能够建立起健全的人格、科学的人生观,并且为实现“社会不朽”而做出自己的贡献。胡适国民性改造思想十分丰富,涉及到家庭制度、女子解放、丧礼改革以及对待民族主义的态度。第三部分:对于如何改造国民劣根性,胡适主张从文学革命、新式教育、实行民主制度、和平改革这些途径着手。胡适还十分重视改造的方法,概括而言,胡适的国民性改造方法主要有怀疑和批判法、实验主义方法和自我心理建设法。第四部分:客观看待胡适的国民性改造思想,有其凸显对人的价值的尊重、改造社会和改造个人相结合、促进新型家庭伦理的形成等进步性,也有其思想和社会现实相矛盾、思想和行为相矛盾等局限性。第五部分:从胡适国民性改造思想中挖掘出有益当代德育的思想、观点、方法等,主要包括对当代德育目标、内容、途径和方法等方面的借鉴。
[Abstract]:The reform of national character is related to the modernization of people and the realization of modernization of the country, without which there is no modernization of the country. Hu Shi advocates the reconstruction of national character, the liberation of personality, the value of human beings, the modernization of human beings, and the modernization of the whole country. These propositions are helpful to the development of contemporary moral education and to the improvement of national moral quality. It is still of great significance to realize the free and comprehensive development of human beings and to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. On the basis of systematically combing the historical background and ideological origin, objectives, contents, ways and methods of Hu Shi's thought of national transformation, this paper makes an analysis of the progress and limitation of Hu Shi's thought of national transformation. And summarized the Hu Shi national character reform thought beneficial reference to the contemporary moral education. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part: from the background of Hu Shi, the historical background and ideological origin of Hu Shi's thought of national character reform are briefly expounded. The second part: in the face of the social reality of internal and external troubles, Hu Shi profoundly exposes the inferiority of the traditional national character, which lacks the national concept and the spirit of martial arts, the lack of independent personality and the consciousness of resistance, the lack of compassion and responsibility. Combined with the actual situation in China, Hu Shi expects the people to establish a sound personality, a scientific outlook on life, and make their own contribution to the realization of "social immortality". Hu Shi's thought of reforming national character is very rich, involving family system, women's liberation, funeral reform and attitude towards nationalism. The third part: as to how to reform the people's inferiority, Hu Shi advocates the approaches of literary revolution, new education, democratic system and peaceful reform. Hu Shi also attaches great importance to the methods of transformation. Generally speaking, Hu Shi's methods of reforming national character mainly include the method of doubt and criticism, the method of experimentalism and the method of self-psychological construction. The fourth part: the objective view of Hu Shi's national character reform thought has its prominent respect for human value, the combination of transforming society and individual, promoting the formation of new family ethics and so on, but also has its thought and social reality contradictory. Limitations such as contradiction between thought and behavior. The fifth part: from the Hu Shi national character reform thought excavates the beneficial contemporary moral education thought, the viewpoint, the method and so on, mainly includes to the contemporary moral education goal, the content, the way and the method and so on aspect reference.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D092

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