普遍主义与绝对主义:伯林与施特劳斯的思想纷争

发布时间：2018-06-28 04:03

本文选题：伯林 + 施特劳斯　；参考：《学术月刊》2017年08期

【摘要】：1961年,施特劳斯在《相对主义》中批判伯林的多元主义既是相对主义,又是绝对主义。然而,伯林却认为施特劳斯完全误解了他的观点。在最新发现的《伯林致雅法书信》中,伯林明确表示,多元主义主张的不是绝对主义,而是普遍主义。绝对主义与普遍主义有四大区别:第一,绝对价值对所有时间所有地点的所有人都始终有效,而普遍价值只是对大多数时间大多数地点的大多数人有效;第二,绝对主义的理论基础是理性主义,而普遍主义的理论基础是经验主义;第三,绝对主义的理论预设是不变的人性观,而普遍主义的理论预设是共通的人性观;第四,绝对主义主张绝对价值之间可以互相兼容,而普遍主义则认为普遍价值之间有时互不兼容。
[Abstract]:In 1961, Strauss criticized Berlin's pluralism in relativism as both relativism and absolutism. Berlin, however, thinks Strauss completely misunderstands his point of view. In the newly discovered Berlin Epistle to Yafa, Berlin made it clear that pluralism advocates not absolutism, but universalism. There are four major differences between absolutism and universalism: first, absolute values are always valid for all people at all times, everywhere, while universal values are valid only for the majority of people most of the time and most places; and second, The theoretical basis of absolutism is rationalism, while the theoretical basis of universalism is empiricism; third, the theoretical presupposition of absolutism is an invariable view of human nature, while the theoretical presupposition of universalism is a common view of human nature; fourth, Absolutism advocates that absolute values can be compatible with each other, while universalism holds that universal values are sometimes incompatible.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学思勉人文高等研究院;
【分类号】：D091

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