现代国家的构建：消极自由主义国家理论研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 04:52

本文选题：消极自由主义 + 最小国家　；参考：《吉林大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 可以说,任何有关现代国家构建的理论实质上都是在回答在现代社会中国家该如何作为这一问题。随着市场经济的发展和市民社会的成长,构建现代国家已经成为了当下中国的发展方向。在当下中国的语境下,揭示消极自由主义的国家理论以及其所面临的问题具有重要的理论与实践意义,它有助于我们理解市场经济与市民社会赖以运作的外部条件,从而理解中国构建现代国家所可能面临的任务和问题。基于以上的认识,本文以消极自由主义国家理论为视角来探析现代国家的构建。就消极自由主义国家理论的历史发展而言,可以说,一种清晰的、系统性的消极自由主义国家理论,到了哈耶克和诺齐克那里,才最终浮现了出来,他们分别以自生自发之秩序理论和个人权利理论为核心,展开了对现代国家的描述。尽管二人的理论有所区别,但他们的基本倾向却是一致的,在他们看来,惟有最小国家才符合消极自由主义对现代国家的积极想象。然而,因为消极自由主义国家理论认为,任何政治的活动都必将会演变为削弱该国家正当性的力量,所以,它们才会反对那种试图通过政治活动的方式来为国家行为进行正当性证明的观念和实践,这也就导致了消极自由主义国家理论将人的差异性和多样性所可能引发的各种社会冲突统统压制在了非政治的领域中。但是,在现代社会中,由于人们相互之间存在的差异性和多样性事实所可能引发的各种社会冲突最终都会走进政治的核心,而这种相互冲突的事实势必会使得“多元”和“竞争”现象成为政治领域中不可避免的普遍性存在,因此,关于在现代社会国家该如何作为的问题,都最终有可能被纳入到一种以“多元”和“竞争”为本质性特征的政治活动中来探讨和决定。
[Abstract]:It can be said that any theory about the construction of a modern state is essentially answering the question of how the state should be treated in modern society. With the development of market economy and civil society, the construction of modern country has become the development direction of China. In the present Chinese context, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to reveal the state theory of negative liberalism and the problems it faces. It helps us to understand the external conditions on which market economy and civil society operate. In order to understand China's construction of a modern state may face the task and problems. Based on the above understanding, this paper explores the construction of modern state from the perspective of negative liberal state theory. As far as the historical development of the state theory of negative liberalism is concerned, it can be said that a clear, systematic theory of the state of negative liberalism came to Hayek and Nozick, and finally emerged. Taking the spontaneous order theory and the individual right theory as the core, they developed a description of the modern country. Although their theories are different, their basic tendencies are the same. In their opinion, only the smallest country can accord with the positive imagination of the negative liberalism to the modern country. However, because the theory of negative liberalism states that any political activity is bound to evolve into a force that weakens the legitimacy of the country, They would oppose the idea and the practice of trying to justify the conduct of the State through political activities, This leads to the negative liberalism state theory to suppress all kinds of social conflicts that human diversity and diversity can lead to in the non-political field. However, in modern society, all kinds of social conflicts that may be caused by the fact that people have differences and diversity among themselves will eventually come to the core of politics. Such conflicting facts will inevitably make the phenomenon of "pluralism" and "competition" an inevitable universal existence in the political sphere. They may eventually be included in a political activity characterized by pluralism and competition.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D09

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