亚里士多德《政治学》的政体思想分析

发布时间：2018-06-28 20:21

本文选题：亚里士多德 + 《政治学》　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：亚里士多德作为西方政治学和比较政治学的创始者,也作为古典政治哲学的集大成者,对西方后世的政治思想界产生了巨大的影响。西方后世的政治思想家,无论是古罗马时期的政治思想家、演说家西塞罗,还是中世纪的神权政治论者托马斯·阿奎那,以及近代英国的政治哲学家霍布斯、美国的建国之父—民主主义者杰斐逊,还有当代的精英民主论者代表美国政治学家亨廷顿,他们都几乎受到亚里士多德政治思想的影响,尤其是受其政体思想的影响。可以毫不夸张地说,在西方世界整个的政治思想界,很少有学者能绕开亚里士多德来单独进行政治哲学的思辨与理论研究,他们大多都建立在亚里士多德政治思想的基础上来思考和探索现实政治问题,他们中有些政治思想家如霍布斯批判了亚里士多德的平民主义思想,而另外有一些政治思想家则肯定其平民主义思想,如杰斐逊。鉴于亚里士多德在整个西方政治哲学界的地位以及政体问题是其政治哲学的核心,故而,我拟探讨亚里士多德的政治哲学名著《政治学》中的政体思想来展现亚里士多德政治思想的博大精深。从文章的整个逻辑结构看,本文主要分为五个主干部分:第一部分绪论,介绍了研究方法、研究的难点、国内外研究现状等论文写作中所需要涉及的前期准备过程和思路框架,是顺利完成该论文的前提和基础。第二部分政体理论,涉及了亚里士多德政治哲学层面的相关思想,包括政体的概念和性质、政体类型说、理想中最好的政体以及政体的最终目的这四个方面,属于亚里士多德政治理想的范畴。第三部分政体实践,涉及了亚里士多德政治科学层面的相关思想,包括君主、平民、寡头、贵族、僭主政体各不同品种、现实中最好的政体、政体变革的一般原因和个别原因及保全办法以及政体建立方法这四个方面,属于亚里士多德政治现实的范畴。第四部分政体与亚里士多德《政治学》中其他思想的关系,包括政体与法律、法治的关系、政体与教育的关系、政体与公民的关系以及政体与城邦的关系这四个方面,与第二、三部分不同,这部分是从政体与其他思想的外部比较分析的角度来阐明亚里士多德的政体思想,而第二、三部分是从政体自身的内部角度来阐述亚里士多德的政体思想,打个比方可以说这三个部分是“一枚硬币的两面”,而这枚“硬币”就是政体思想。第五部分总结,在这部分中,我主要依据第二、三、四部分亚里士多德相关政体思想的论述,来表明亚里士多德政体思想在《政治学》中的核心地位及其重要意义,另外我也简要地说明了亚里士多德《政治学》中的政体思想对后世西方世界的影响,包括对当代中国政治的实际影响,并最终归结为一句话:只有我们认真、深度地理解亚里士多德《政治学》的政体思想,并结合政治实践,才能真正地把大师的政体思想发扬光大,流传后世!
[Abstract]:Aristotle, as the founder of Western political and Comparative Political Science, also as a master of classical political philosophy, had a great influence on the political and ideological circles of Western later generations. The political thinkers of the later generations of the west, whether they were political thinkers in ancient Rome, Cicero, or the Theocracy of the middle ages. Thomas Aquinas, as well as the political philosopher Hobbes in modern England, the father of the founding of the United States, the Democrat Jefferson, and the contemporary elite democracies on behalf of Huntington, the American politician, are almost influenced by Aristotle's political thought, especially influenced by his political ideology.
It is no exaggeration to say that in the whole political and ideological circles of the western world, few scholars can bypass Aristotle to carry out the speculative and theoretical study of political philosophy alone. Most of them have built up the political thoughts of Aristotle to think and explore the real political problems. Some of them, such as Hobbes, are such as Hobbes. Aristotle's populist thought was criticized, while some other political thinkers affirmed his thought of populism, such as Jefferson. In view of Aristotle's position in the whole western political philosophy and the core of his political philosophy, I would like to explore Aristotle's famous political philosophy < Political Science >. The thought of the system of government shows Aristotle's broad and profound political thought.
From the whole logical structure of the article, this article is divided into five main parts: the first part is the introduction, which introduces the research methods, the difficulties of the research, the status of the research at home and abroad, and the preparatory process and frame of thought that need to be involved in the thesis writing, which is the prerequisite and foundation for the successful completion of the paper.
The second part of the political theory involves the related ideas of Aristotle's political philosophy, including the concept and nature of the regime, the type of political style, the best form of politics in the ideal and the final purpose of the regime, which belongs to the category of Aristotle's political ideal.
The third part of the political practice involved Aristotle's political science level, including the four aspects of the four aspects: the monarchy, the civilian, the oligarchy, the aristocracy, the tyrant, the best political body in reality, the general reasons for the reform of the regime, the individual reasons, the methods of preservation and the establishment of the regime, which belong to the political current of Aristotle. The real category.
The fourth part of the relationship between the fourth part of the regime and the other thoughts in political science, including the relationship between the government and the law, the rule of law, the relationship between the regime and education, the relationship between the regime and the citizen, and the relationship between the regime and the polis, is different from the second, third part, which is from the perspective of the external comparison and analysis of the government and other ideas. To clarify Aristotle's political thought, and the second, third part is to explain Aristotle's political thought from the internal angle of the regime itself. For example, it can be said that the three parts are "the two sides of a coin", and this "coin" is the thought of the regime.
The fifth part summarizes, in this part, I mainly based on the second, third, four parts of Aristotle's theory of political theory, to show the core status and significance of Aristotle's Political Theory in "Political Science >", and I also briefly explain the political theory of Aristotle in the western world of the later world. The influence, including the actual influence of the contemporary Chinese politics, finally comes down to a sentence: we can only seriously, deeply understand Aristotle's political theory and political practice, and combine political practice, so that we can truly carry forward the ideas of the master's regime and spread the later generations!
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D091

【参考文献】