卢梭政府形式思想研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 21:18

本文选题：卢梭 + 政府形式思想　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济体制改革的纵深推进,政府机构改革和政府管理创新进一步推进也势在必行。但政府机构改革的问题不仅仅涉及到“机构的调整”,也涉及到政府形式问题。本研究试图从卢梭的政府形式理论中找到些许改革的理论依据和路径指引。本研究力图跳出“以政府形式论政府形式”的狭小视角,以三大坐标“定位”卢梭的政府形式理论,即：一是卢梭的政治哲学、政治经济学；二是卢梭个人独特的经历、个性、世界观和价值观；三是卢梭对“政府形式”的直接论述,力图准确把握其理论的要义。只有了解真实的卢梭,才能了解卢梭到底想说什么,只有将卢梭政府形式理论放置于卢梭的政治哲学、政治经济学,甚至宗教思想、教育思想所组成的思想体系中,才能完整把握其政府形式理论。从静态看,卢梭的政府形式理论包括政府形式的涵义、政府形式的分类、好政府的标志、政府形式的现实状态等几个部分构成。事实上,卢梭所谓的政府形式的问题,其根本不在于政府形式的规模,即行政官的人数,也不在于政治共同体的自然社会环境,文化与资源状况,而在于使政府这一中间体——本质上是主权者的“附属物”,在自身利益和意志上如何与公共的利益和意志取得协调。理解这一点对于理解卢梭政府形式理论是至关重要的。从动态看,卢梭所谓的政府形式是一个生命过程,它不断演化、嬗变,从一个形式跃迁到另一种形式,当国家解体的时候,或者说,当政府已经不再秉承公意的时候,社会契约就自动失效了,公民从此恢复了自由。而导致政府形式演化的最核心的原因是国家共同体中“私意”、“众意”和“公意”之间的恒久的冲突。卢梭的政府形式思想当然也有它的不足,但瑕不掩瑜。本研究试图充分发掘卢梭政府形式理论对我国改革实践的借鉴意义,并力图提出相应的改革思路。结合我国改革实际,我们认为：无论行政改革选择怎样的策略,选择什么手段,首要的原则应该是：为了更好地体现人民的意志和利益；行政改革应该将党政分开作为最大的前提；我国行政改革应该遵循政府权力和社会权力平衡发展原则,使行政权力成为社会权力的支撑,社会权力成为行政权力的重要补充。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of economic system reform, it is imperative to further promote the reform of government institutions and government management innovation. However, the reform of government institutions involves not only the adjustment of institutions, but also the form of government. This study attempts to find some theoretical basis and guidance of reform from Rousseau's theory of government form. This study tries to jump out of the narrow angle of view of "on the form of government in the form of government" and "position" Rousseau's theory of form of government with three coordinates: first, Rousseau's political philosophy, political economy, secondly, Rousseau's unique experience and personality. Third, Rousseau's direct exposition of "form of government" tries to grasp the essence of Rousseau's theory. Only by understanding the real Rousseau can we understand what Rousseau really wants to say, and only by placing Rousseau's formal theory of government in the ideological system of Rousseau's political philosophy, political economy, even religious thought, and educational thought, From the static point of view, Rousseau's theory of government form includes the meaning of government form, the classification of government form, the symbol of good government, the realistic state of government form and so on. In fact, the problem of Rousseau's so-called form of government does not lie at all in the size of the form of government, that is, the number of administrators, nor in the natural social environment, culture and resources of the political community. It lies in how the government, an intermediate in essence, is an appendage of the sovereign, and how to coordinate its own interests and will with the public interests and will. Understanding this is crucial to understanding Rousseau's formal theory of government. From the dynamic point of view, Rousseau's so-called form of government is a process of life. It evolves, moves from one form to another, when the state disintegrates, or when the government is no longer committed to justice. The social contract automatically lapses, and the citizens are free from it. The core reason for the evolution of government form is the constant conflict among "private intention", "public will" and "public will" in the national community. Rousseau's formal thought of government, of course, also has its shortcomings, but not the shortcomings. This study tries to fully explore Rousseau's government form theory for reference to the reform practice in China, and tries to put forward the corresponding reform ideas. In combination with the reality of our reform, we believe that no matter what strategy or means the administrative reform chooses, the first principle should be: to better reflect the will and interests of the people; The administrative reform should take the party and government as the biggest premise, the administrative reform of our country should follow the principle of balanced development of the government power and the social power, make the administrative power become the support of the social power, and the social power become the important supplement of the administrative power.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D095.65

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